diff --git a/packages/core/src/colorGrading.ts b/packages/core/src/colorGrading.ts
index d71ce1776..d5411e20a 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/colorGrading.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/colorGrading.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 export const HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR = "data-color-grading";
 
+// Runtime <-> studio contract attributes. The runtime grading engine writes
+// them; studio editing/soft-reload code reads them. Single owner — never
+// re-declare these literals elsewhere.
+/** Set on a graded source while its pixels render on the grading canvas. */
+export const COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR = "data-hf-color-grading-source-hidden";
+/**
+ * The element's AUTHORED inline opacity, stamped at document parse time before
+ * any animation engine mutates it ("" = authored none; attribute absent =
+ * never captured). See installAuthoredOpacityCapture in the runtime.
+ */
+export const COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR = "data-hf-authored-opacity";
+
 export const HF_COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_ID_PREFIX = "__hf_color_grading_";
 
 export const HF_COLOR_GRADING_COLOR_SPACE = "rec709";
diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.test.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.test.ts
index e3a3ce49d..a02d6bdb3 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 // fallow-ignore-file code-duplication
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
 import { HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR, serializeHfColorGrading } from "../colorGrading";
-import { createColorGradingRuntime, type RuntimeColorGradingApi } from "./colorGrading";
+import {
+  createColorGradingRuntime,
+  installAuthoredOpacityCapture,
+  type RuntimeColorGradingApi,
+} from "./colorGrading";
 
 let lastUniform1f: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> | null = null;
 let lastUniform3f: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> | null = null;
@@ -192,6 +196,60 @@ describe("createColorGradingRuntime", () => {
     runtime?.redraw();
   }
 
+  it("restores the authored inline opacity captured before animation transients", () => {
+    const video = makeDrawableVideo();
+    // Parse-time capture stamped the authored value; by hide time GSAP has
+    // already left a from()-tween transient (0) in the inline style.
+    video.setAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity", "0.75");
+    video.style.opacity = "0";
+    startRuntimeWithVideo(video);
+
+    expect(video.style.getPropertyPriority("opacity")).toBe("important");
+
+    runtime?.destroy();
+    runtime = null;
+
+    // Restore must use the authored 0.75, not the GSAP transient 0.
+    expect(video.style.getPropertyValue("opacity")).toBe("0.75");
+    expect(video.style.getPropertyPriority("opacity")).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("restores no inline opacity when the authored capture recorded none", () => {
+    const video = makeDrawableVideo();
+    video.setAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity", "");
+    video.style.opacity = "0";
+    startRuntimeWithVideo(video);
+
+    runtime?.destroy();
+    runtime = null;
+
+    expect(video.style.getPropertyValue("opacity")).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("re-syncs the graded canvas when the source's inline transform changes", async () => {
+    const { video } = startRuntimeWithVideo();
+    const drawsBefore = texImage2DCalls.length;
+
+    // Simulate a studio drag draft: only the inline transform moves.
+    video.style.transform = "translate(120px, 60px)";
+    await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve(null)));
+
+    expect(texImage2DCalls.length).toBeGreaterThan(drawsBefore);
+  });
+
+  it("does not redraw-loop on its own hide writes (opacity/visibility only)", async () => {
+    const { video } = startRuntimeWithVideo();
+    await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve(null)));
+    const drawsBefore = texImage2DCalls.length;
+
+    // drawEntry's own source-hide writes touch opacity — geometry unchanged.
+    video.style.opacity = "0.5";
+    await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve(null)));
+    await new Promise((resolve) => requestAnimationFrame(() => resolve(null)));
+
+    expect(texImage2DCalls.length).toBe(drawsBefore);
+  });
+
   it("re-hides source media after timeline visibility sync", () => {
     const { video, canvas } = startRuntimeWithVideo();
 
@@ -555,3 +613,56 @@ describe("createColorGradingRuntime", () => {
     expect(video.style.getPropertyValue("opacity")).toBe("0");
   });
 });
+
+describe("installAuthoredOpacityCapture", () => {
+  it("stamps graded elements at insertion and never overwrites the stamp", async () => {
+    installAuthoredOpacityCapture();
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.setAttribute(HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR, serializeHfColorGrading({ adjust: { exposure: 0.5 } }));
+    el.style.opacity = "0.98";
+    document.body.appendChild(el);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(el.getAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity")).toBe("0.98");
+
+    // A re-insert after an animation engine mutated the element keeps the
+    // original capture (has-attribute guard).
+    el.style.opacity = "0";
+    el.remove();
+    document.body.appendChild(el);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(el.getAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity")).toBe("0.98");
+    el.remove();
+  });
+
+  it("stamps an empty value for graded elements without an authored inline opacity", async () => {
+    installAuthoredOpacityCapture();
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.setAttribute(HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR, serializeHfColorGrading({ adjust: { exposure: 0.5 } }));
+    document.body.appendChild(el);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(el.getAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity")).toBe("");
+    el.remove();
+  });
+
+  it("stamps an already-inserted element the moment it GAINS grading at runtime", async () => {
+    installAuthoredOpacityCapture();
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.style.opacity = "0.9";
+    document.body.appendChild(el);
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(el.hasAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity")).toBe(false);
+
+    // Studio applies a preset to a previously ungraded element — no re-insert.
+    el.setAttribute(HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR, serializeHfColorGrading({ adjust: { exposure: 0.5 } }));
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(el.getAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity")).toBe("0.9");
+
+    // Later attribute rewrites (preset tweaks) never overwrite the stamp,
+    // even if a transient is live by then.
+    el.style.opacity = "0";
+    el.setAttribute(HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR, serializeHfColorGrading({ adjust: { exposure: 0.9 } }));
+    await Promise.resolve();
+    expect(el.getAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity")).toBe("0.9");
+    el.remove();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.ts
index 5b32c6c65..8ec35806b 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/colorGrading.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import {
   normalizeHfColorGradingWithVariables,
   type HfColorGradingTarget,
   type NormalizedHfColorGrading,
+  COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR,
+  COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR,
 } from "../colorGrading";
 import {
   DEFAULT_MAX_CUBE_LUT_SIZE,
@@ -196,8 +198,64 @@ type LutCacheEntry =
 
 const LUT_CACHE = new Map<string, LutCacheEntry>();
 const COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_ATTR = "data-hf-color-grading-canvas";
-const COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR = "data-hf-color-grading-source-hidden";
 const COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_CLASS = "__hf_color_grading_canvas__";
+
+/**
+ * Capture each color-graded element's AUTHORED inline opacity before any
+ * animation engine can mutate it.
+ *
+ * The grading engine hides its source elements with `opacity: 0 !important`
+ * and mirrors their pixels onto a canvas — so at runtime, a graded element's
+ * inline/computed opacity no longer represents authored state. Everything that
+ * later re-reads element state (GSAP from()-tween re-initialization after an
+ * invalidate or a studio soft reload, restoring the source when grading is
+ * removed, lint/selection tooling) needs the authored value, and by then it is
+ * unrecoverable from the DOM. Stamp it onto the element as
+ * `data-hf-authored-opacity` (empty string = no authored inline opacity).
+ *
+ * Must be installed at runtime-bundle evaluation, while the document is still
+ * parsing: the runtime `<script>` sits in `<head>`, and the HTML parser
+ * performs a microtask checkpoint before executing each parser-inserted
+ * script, so the observer stamps every composition element before the
+ * composition's own inline animation script runs. The observer stays alive so
+ * late insertions (inlined sub-compositions) are stamped at insert time, and
+ * the has-attribute guard makes re-inserted (already-stamped) elements a no-op.
+ */
+export function installAuthoredOpacityCapture(): void {
+  if (typeof MutationObserver === "undefined" || typeof document === "undefined") return;
+  const root = document.documentElement;
+  if (!root) return;
+  const stamp = (el: Element): void => {
+    if (!(el instanceof HTMLElement)) return;
+    if (el.hasAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR)) return;
+    el.setAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR, el.style.opacity);
+  };
+  const scan = (node: Node): void => {
+    if (!(node instanceof Element)) return;
+    if (node.hasAttribute(HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR)) stamp(node);
+    for (const el of node.querySelectorAll(`[${HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR}]`)) stamp(el);
+  };
+  scan(root);
+  new MutationObserver((mutations) => {
+    for (const mutation of mutations) {
+      for (const node of mutation.addedNodes) scan(node);
+      // An element can also GAIN grading at runtime (studio applies a preset to
+      // a previously ungraded element). Stamp at that moment — strictly earlier
+      // than the engine's hide, so the captured value can never be worse than
+      // the hide-time fallback, and after a soft reload's authored restore it
+      // IS the authored value. stamp() is idempotent: an existing stamp wins.
+      if (mutation.type === "attributes" && mutation.target instanceof Element) {
+        if (mutation.target.hasAttribute(HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR)) stamp(mutation.target);
+      }
+    }
+  }).observe(root, {
+    childList: true,
+    subtree: true,
+    attributes: true,
+    attributeFilter: [HF_COLOR_GRADING_ATTR],
+  });
+}
+
 // Map insertion order gives us simple FIFO eviction for authoring sessions that cycle LUTs.
 const MAX_LUT_CACHE_ENTRIES = 16;
 const DEFAULT_COMPARE: RuntimeColorGradingCompareState = {
@@ -1234,8 +1292,20 @@ function applyUniforms(
 
 function hideSourceElement(entry: ColorGradingEntry): void {
   if (!entry.sourceHidden) {
-    entry.sourceInlineOpacity = entry.element.style.getPropertyValue("opacity") || null;
-    entry.sourceInlineOpacityPriority = entry.element.style.getPropertyPriority("opacity");
+    // Prefer the parse-time authored capture: by the time the first hide runs,
+    // the inline opacity is usually an animation-engine transient (a from()
+    // tween's 0 at playhead 0), and restoring THAT when grading is removed
+    // would leave the element invisible. Fall back to the live inline value
+    // for documents loaded without the capture installed.
+    // `null` = never captured; "" = captured, authored none (store as null).
+    const authored = entry.element.getAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR);
+    if (authored !== null) {
+      entry.sourceInlineOpacity = authored === "" ? null : authored;
+      entry.sourceInlineOpacityPriority = "";
+    } else {
+      entry.sourceInlineOpacity = entry.element.style.getPropertyValue("opacity") || null;
+      entry.sourceInlineOpacityPriority = entry.element.style.getPropertyPriority("opacity");
+    }
   }
   entry.element.setAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR, "true");
   entry.element.style.setProperty("opacity", "0", "important");
@@ -1423,6 +1493,32 @@ function installEntryListeners(entry: ColorGradingEntry): void {
     entry.resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(redraw);
     entry.resizeObserver.observe(entry.element);
   }
+  // A studio drag/nudge moves the source via its inline transform — no media
+  // event or ResizeObserver fires for that, so the graded canvas (the visible
+  // pixels) froze in place until the next seek while the invisible source
+  // followed the pointer. Track geometry-relevant inline style and re-sync the
+  // canvas, rAF-throttled. The signature guard keeps the opacity/visibility
+  // writes drawEntry itself makes (the source hide) from re-triggering a loop.
+  if (typeof MutationObserver !== "undefined") {
+    const geometrySignature = () => {
+      const s = entry.element.style;
+      return `${s.transform}|${s.translate}|${s.rotate}|${s.scale}|${s.left}|${s.top}|${s.width}|${s.height}`;
+    };
+    let lastGeometry = geometrySignature();
+    let framePending = false;
+    const styleObserver = new MutationObserver(() => {
+      if (framePending) return;
+      if (geometrySignature() === lastGeometry) return;
+      framePending = true;
+      requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+        framePending = false;
+        lastGeometry = geometrySignature();
+        drawEntry(entry);
+      });
+    });
+    styleObserver.observe(entry.element, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ["style"] });
+    entry.cleanup.push(() => styleObserver.disconnect());
+  }
 }
 
 function destroyEntry(entry: ColorGradingEntry): void {
diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/entry.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/entry.ts
index 3f04e4920..5851da238 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/runtime/entry.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/entry.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { initSandboxRuntimeModular } from "./init";
+import { installAuthoredOpacityCapture } from "./colorGrading";
 import { fitTextFontSize } from "../text/fitTextFontSize";
 import { getVariables } from "./getVariables";
 
@@ -14,6 +15,11 @@ type HyperframeWindow = Window & {
 // Ensure timeline registry exists at script evaluation time.
 (window as HyperframeWindow).__timelines = (window as HyperframeWindow).__timelines || {};
 
+// Stamp color-graded elements with their authored inline opacity BEFORE the
+// composition's animation scripts (and the grading hide) mutate it — must run
+// at script evaluation time, while the document is still parsing.
+installAuthoredOpacityCapture();
+
 // Expose runtime helpers immediately so composition scripts can use them
 // before DOMContentLoaded (font sizing runs during script evaluation, and
 // getVariables is read by composition setup before the timeline is built).
diff --git a/packages/core/src/runtime/picker.ts b/packages/core/src/runtime/picker.ts
index 0a34763cb..52921fb82 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/runtime/picker.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/runtime/picker.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type { RuntimeJson, RuntimeOutboundMessage, RuntimePickerElementInfo } from "./types";
+import { COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR } from "../colorGrading";
 import { swallow } from "./diagnostics";
 
 type PickerModuleDeps = {
@@ -17,7 +18,6 @@ const PICKER_BLOCK_SELECTOR = [
   "[data-hyperframes-picker-block]",
   "[data-hyper-shader-loading]",
 ].join(",");
-const COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR = "data-hf-color-grading-source-hidden";
 
 export type PickerModule = {
   enablePickMode: () => void;
diff --git a/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.test.ts b/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.test.ts
index 2715ff5a9..cfefe769c 100644
--- a/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.test.ts
+++ b/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.test.ts
@@ -1194,6 +1194,63 @@ describe("GSAP rules", () => {
     expect(finding).toBeDefined();
   });
 
+  it("errors when a style block's LAST declaration is opacity:0 without a semicolon", async () => {
+    const html = `
+<html><body>
+  <div data-composition-id="c1" data-width="1920" data-height="1080">
+    <div id="hero">Hello</div>
+  </div>
+  <style>
+    #hero { font-size: 200px; opacity: 0 }
+  </style>
+  <script>
+    window.__timelines = window.__timelines || {};
+    const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
+    tl.from("#hero", { opacity: 0, duration: 0.25 }, 0.1);
+    window.__timelines["c1"] = tl;
+  </script>
+</body></html>`;
+    const result = await lintHyperframeHtml(html);
+    const finding = result.findings.find((f) => f.code === "gsap_from_opacity_noop");
+    expect(finding).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it("does NOT error for inline opacity: 0.98 + gsap.from({opacity:0}) — fractional is not zero", async () => {
+    const html = `
+<html><body>
+  <div data-composition-id="c1" data-width="1920" data-height="1080">
+    <img id="image-clip" style="opacity: 0.98; filter: blur(23px);" src="x.png">
+  </div>
+  <script>
+    window.__timelines = window.__timelines || {};
+    const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
+    tl.from("#image-clip", { opacity: 0, duration: 0.8 }, 0.2);
+    window.__timelines["c1"] = tl;
+  </script>
+</body></html>`;
+    const result = await lintHyperframeHtml(html);
+    const finding = result.findings.find((f) => f.code === "gsap_from_opacity_noop");
+    expect(finding).toBeUndefined();
+  });
+
+  it("still errors for inline opacity: 0 without a trailing semicolon", async () => {
+    const html = `
+<html><body>
+  <div data-composition-id="c1" data-width="1920" data-height="1080">
+    <div id="title" style="font-size: 120px; opacity: 0">Hello</div>
+  </div>
+  <script>
+    window.__timelines = window.__timelines || {};
+    const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
+    tl.from("#title", { opacity: 0, duration: 0.5 }, 0.2);
+    window.__timelines["c1"] = tl;
+  </script>
+</body></html>`;
+    const result = await lintHyperframeHtml(html);
+    const finding = result.findings.find((f) => f.code === "gsap_from_opacity_noop");
+    expect(finding).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
   it("does NOT error when gsap.from({opacity:0}) and CSS has no opacity:0", async () => {
     const html = `
 <html><body>
diff --git a/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.ts b/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.ts
index b54b7c873..ec2e4c9b8 100644
--- a/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.ts
+++ b/packages/lint/src/rules/gsap.ts
@@ -1128,11 +1128,18 @@ export const gsapRules: LintRule<LintContext>[] = [
     const findings: HyperframeLintFinding[] = [];
     const cssOpacityZeroSelectors = new Set<string>();
 
+    // Single owner of "this declaration list sets opacity to EXACTLY zero" —
+    // boundary-anchored so `opacity: 0.98` never matches. Works for both a CSS
+    // block body (brace already stripped by the block regex) and an inline
+    // style attribute: the declaration ends at `;` or at end of input, which
+    // also catches a final declaration without a trailing semicolon.
+    const opacityExactlyZero = /opacity\s*:\s*0(?:\.0+)?\s*(?:;|$)/;
+
     for (const style of styles) {
       for (const [, selector, body] of style.content.matchAll(
         /([#.][a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\s*\{([^}]+)\}/g,
       )) {
-        if (body && /opacity\s*:\s*0\s*[;}]/.test(body)) {
+        if (body && opacityExactlyZero.test(body)) {
           cssOpacityZeroSelectors.add((selector ?? "").trim());
         }
       }
@@ -1140,7 +1147,7 @@ export const gsapRules: LintRule<LintContext>[] = [
 
     for (const tag of tags) {
       const inlineStyle = readAttr(tag.raw, "style");
-      if (!inlineStyle || !/opacity\s*:\s*0/.test(inlineStyle)) continue;
+      if (!inlineStyle || !opacityExactlyZero.test(inlineStyle)) continue;
       const id = readAttr(tag.raw, "id");
       const classes = readAttr(tag.raw, "class")?.split(/\s+/).filter(Boolean) ?? [];
       if (id) cssOpacityZeroSelectors.add(`#${id}`);
diff --git a/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.test.ts b/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.test.ts
index 413fc5399..11b592f9a 100644
--- a/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.test.ts
+++ b/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.test.ts
@@ -3026,3 +3026,24 @@ describe("single position write per element (consolidation)", () => {
     expect(parseGsapScript(out).animations.some((a) => "opacity" in a.properties)).toBe(true);
   });
 });
+
+describe("recast writer never doubles vars keys", () => {
+  // Regression: buildTweenStatementCode pushed `immediateRender: true` for
+  // every timeline set AND appended extras — a parsed set carries the flag in
+  // extras, so splitting a mixed set emitted
+  // `immediateRender: true, immediateRender: true` into the file.
+  const src = `window.__timelines = window.__timelines || {};
+const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
+tl.set("#a", { z: 0, rotationX: 5, immediateRender: true, scale: 1 }, 0);
+window.__timelines["main"] = tl;`;
+
+  it("split of a mixed set emits the flag once per group", () => {
+    const id = parseGsapScript(src).animations[0]!.id;
+    const { script: out } = splitIntoPropertyGroups(src, id);
+    const setLines = out.split("\n").filter((l) => l.includes("tl.set("));
+    expect(setLines.length).toBeGreaterThan(1);
+    for (const line of setLines) {
+      expect(line.match(/immediateRender/g) ?? []).toHaveLength(1);
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.ts b/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.ts
index 4272ec060..315c238c8 100644
--- a/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.ts
+++ b/packages/parsers/src/gsapParser.ts
@@ -1387,13 +1387,25 @@ function buildTweenStatementCode(timelineVar: string, anim: Omit<GsapAnimation,
   if (anim.method !== "set" && anim.duration !== undefined) props.duration = anim.duration;
   if (anim.ease) props.ease = anim.ease;
   const entries = Object.entries(props).map(([k, v]) => `${safeKey(k)}: ${valueToCode(v)}`);
+  const emitted = new Set(Object.keys(props));
   // immediateRender forces GSAP to apply the set when added to the timeline,
   // not on the first seek — without it, tl.set at position 0 on a paused
   // timeline is invisible until the playhead moves past 0. A base `gsap.set`
-  // already runs immediately, so it doesn't need (or get) the flag.
-  if (anim.method === "set" && !anim.global) entries.push("immediateRender: true");
+  // already runs immediately, so it doesn't need (or get) the flag. A parsed
+  // set carries the flag in extras — never emit the same key twice.
+  if (
+    anim.method === "set" &&
+    !anim.global &&
+    !emitted.has("immediateRender") &&
+    !(anim.extras && "immediateRender" in anim.extras)
+  ) {
+    entries.push("immediateRender: true");
+    emitted.add("immediateRender");
+  }
   if (anim.extras) {
     for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(anim.extras)) {
+      if (emitted.has(k)) continue;
+      emitted.add(k);
       entries.push(`${safeKey(k)}: ${valueToCode(v as number | string)}`);
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.inline.test.ts b/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.inline.test.ts
index 4eaa4ca22..30b165242 100644
--- a/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.inline.test.ts
+++ b/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.inline.test.ts
@@ -101,3 +101,32 @@ window.__timelines["scene"] = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });`;
     expect(parseGsapScriptAcorn(out).animations).toHaveLength(2);
   });
 });
+
+describe("no duplicate vars keys on rewrite", () => {
+  const setSrc = `window.__timelines = window.__timelines || {};
+const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
+tl.set("#a", { z: 0, rotationX: 5, immediateRender: true }, 0);
+window.__timelines["main"] = tl;`;
+
+  it("update with immediateRender riding in newProps emits the key once", () => {
+    const id = parseGsapScriptAcorn(setSrc).animations[0]!.id;
+    // Studio paths that build props off live tween vars carry the flag along.
+    const out = updateAnimationInScript(setSrc, id, {
+      properties: { z: 0, rotationX: 9, immediateRender: "__raw:true" },
+    });
+    expect(out).toContain("rotationX: 9");
+    expect(out.match(/immediateRender/g)).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("addAnimationToScript dedupes a key present in both properties and extras", () => {
+    const { script: out } = addAnimationToScript(setSrc, {
+      targetSelector: "#b",
+      method: "set",
+      position: 0,
+      properties: { scale: 1, immediateRender: "__raw:true" },
+      extras: { immediateRender: "__raw:true" },
+    });
+    const setB = out.split("\n").find((l) => l.includes('"#b"'));
+    expect(setB?.match(/immediateRender/g)).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.ts b/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.ts
index 29eabebef..556eecd09 100644
--- a/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.ts
+++ b/packages/parsers/src/gsapWriterAcorn.ts
@@ -57,8 +57,14 @@ function buildTweenStatementCode(timelineVar: string, anim: Omit<GsapAnimation,
   if (anim.method !== "set" && anim.duration !== undefined) props.duration = anim.duration;
   if (anim.ease) props.ease = anim.ease;
   const entries = Object.entries(props).map(([k, v]) => `${safeKey(k)}: ${valueToCode(v)}`);
+  const emitted = new Set(Object.keys(props));
   if (anim.extras) {
     for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(anim.extras)) {
+      // A key carried by both properties and extras (a set's parsed
+      // `immediateRender: true`) must emit once — properties win. Same
+      // dedupe shape as the recast twin (gsapParser.ts buildTweenStatementCode).
+      if (emitted.has(k)) continue;
+      emitted.add(k);
       entries.push(`${safeKey(k)}: ${valueToCode(v)}`);
     }
   }
@@ -263,10 +269,16 @@ function reconcileEditableProps(
   const overrides = nonEditableOverrides ?? {};
   const { entries, keys } = preservedEntries(objNode, source, isEditableVarKey, overrides);
   for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(overrides)) {
-    if (!keys.has(key)) entries.push(`${safeKey(key)}: ${valueToCode(value)}`);
+    if (!keys.has(key)) {
+      keys.add(key);
+      entries.push(`${safeKey(key)}: ${valueToCode(value)}`);
+    }
   }
   for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(newProps)) {
-    entries.push(`${safeKey(key)}: ${valueToCode(value)}`);
+    // A non-editable key riding along in newProps (immediateRender read off
+    // live tween vars) is already preserved above — emitting it again writes
+    // `immediateRender: true, immediateRender: true` into the file.
+    if (!keys.has(key)) entries.push(`${safeKey(key)}: ${valueToCode(value)}`);
   }
   ms.overwrite(objNode.start, objNode.end, `{ ${entries.join(", ")} }`);
 }
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.test.tsx b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09c73decc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import React, { act } from "react";
+import { createRoot, type Root } from "react-dom/client";
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import type { DomEditSelection } from "./domEditing";
+import type { OverlayRect } from "./domEditOverlayGeometry";
+import { DomEditCropHandles } from "./DomEditCropHandles";
+
+(globalThis as unknown as { IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT: boolean }).IS_REACT_ACT_ENVIRONMENT = true;
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  document.body.innerHTML = "";
+});
+
+const overlayRect: OverlayRect = {
+  left: 0,
+  top: 0,
+  width: 200,
+  height: 100,
+  editScaleX: 1,
+  editScaleY: 1,
+};
+
+function selectionFor(el: HTMLElement): DomEditSelection {
+  return { element: el, id: el.id, selector: `#${el.id}` } as unknown as DomEditSelection;
+}
+
+function makeEl(id: string, clip: string): HTMLElement {
+  const el = document.createElement("div");
+  el.id = id;
+  if (clip) el.style.setProperty("clip-path", clip);
+  document.body.append(el);
+  return el;
+}
+
+function render(el: HTMLElement): { root: Root; rerender: (next: HTMLElement) => void } {
+  const host = document.createElement("div");
+  document.body.append(host);
+  const root = createRoot(host);
+  const draw = (target: HTMLElement) =>
+    act(() => {
+      root.render(
+        <DomEditCropHandles
+          selection={selectionFor(target)}
+          overlayRect={overlayRect}
+          onStyleCommit={() => undefined}
+        />,
+      );
+    });
+  draw(el);
+  return { root, rerender: draw };
+}
+
+// Regression: the deselect restore used a ref recomputed from RENDER state — on
+// a direct A→B selection switch, state re-syncs to B before A's effect cleanup
+// runs, so A used to get B's crop string (or lose its crop entirely). The
+// restore value must be owned by A's own lift effect / crop gesture.
+describe("DomEditCropHandles clip lift/restore", () => {
+  it("lifts on select and restores the inline clip verbatim on unmount", () => {
+    const a = makeEl("a", "inset(16px round 12px)");
+    const { root } = render(a);
+    expect(a.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("none");
+    act(() => root.unmount());
+    expect(a.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("inset(16px round 12px)");
+  });
+
+  it("restores A's own clip when switching directly to B", () => {
+    const a = makeEl("a", "inset(16px)");
+    const b = makeEl("b", "inset(40px 8px 4px 2px)");
+    const { root, rerender } = render(a);
+    rerender(b);
+    // A got ITS clip back, not B's (and not removed); B is now lifted.
+    expect(a.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("inset(16px)");
+    expect(b.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("none");
+    act(() => root.unmount());
+    expect(b.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("inset(40px 8px 4px 2px)");
+  });
+
+  it("never lifts an uneditable clip and leaves it untouched across select/deselect", () => {
+    const a = makeEl("a", "circle(50% at 50% 50%)");
+    const { root } = render(a);
+    expect(a.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("circle(50% at 50% 50%)");
+    act(() => root.unmount());
+    expect(a.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path")).toBe("circle(50% at 50% 50%)");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.tsx b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.tsx
index 9f83a90ba..7ac3b485b 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.tsx
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditCropHandles.tsx
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import type { OverlayRect } from "./domEditOverlayGeometry";
 import {
   type CropEdge,
   cropRectFromInsets,
+  readElementCropFrame,
   readElementCropInsets,
   resolveCropInsetFromEdgeDrag,
   resolveCropInsetFromMoveDrag,
+  rotateDeltaIntoFrame,
 } from "./domEditOverlayCrop";
 import { buildInsetClipPathSides, type ClipPathInsetSides } from "./clipPathHelpers";
 
@@ -17,6 +19,10 @@ interface CropGestureState {
   startY: number;
   startInsets: ClipPathInsetSides;
   didMove: boolean;
+  /** Element frame captured at gesture start: pointer deltas rotate into it. */
+  angleDeg: number;
+  scaleX: number;
+  scaleY: number;
 }
 
 interface DomEditCropHandlesProps {
@@ -77,36 +83,23 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
 }: DomEditCropHandlesProps) {
   const gestureRef = useRef<CropGestureState | null>(null);
   const [dragging, setDragging] = useState(false);
-  const [state, setState] = useState(() => {
-    const parsed = readElementCropInsets(selection.element);
-    return {
-      element: selection.element,
-      insets: {
-        top: parsed.top,
-        right: parsed.right,
-        bottom: parsed.bottom,
-        left: parsed.left,
-      } as ClipPathInsetSides,
-      radius: parsed.radius,
-    };
-  });
+  // readElementCropInsets returns null for a clip this tool can't represent
+  // (circle/polygon/non-px inset): the crop UI must fully stand down for that
+  // element — no lift, no handles — or select+deselect replaces the authored
+  // clip with an inset (or deletes it).
+  const cropStateFor = (element: HTMLElement) => {
+    const parsed = readElementCropInsets(element);
+    const { radius, ...insets } = parsed ?? { top: 0, right: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0, radius: 0 };
+    return { element, croppable: parsed !== null, insets, radius };
+  };
+  const [state, setState] = useState(() => cropStateFor(selection.element));
 
   // Re-sync when the selection targets a different element (reselect, or an
   // undo/redo that re-keys the node): read its committed crop before the lift
   // effect runs. Read inside the guard so a drag's per-frame setState doesn't
   // re-run getComputedStyle every frame.
   if (state.element !== selection.element) {
-    const liveInsets = readElementCropInsets(selection.element);
-    setState({
-      element: selection.element,
-      insets: {
-        top: liveInsets.top,
-        right: liveInsets.right,
-        bottom: liveInsets.bottom,
-        left: liveInsets.left,
-      },
-      radius: liveInsets.radius,
-    });
+    setState(cropStateFor(selection.element));
   }
 
   const hasCrop =
@@ -115,31 +108,51 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
     state.insets.bottom > 0 ||
     state.insets.left > 0;
 
-  // Latest committed crop — re-applied to the element when the selection drops.
-  const committedRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
-  committedRef.current = hasCrop ? buildInsetClipPathSides(state.insets, state.radius) : null;
-
   // Lift the clip while the element is selected so the full content shows and the
-  // cropped-away area can be dimmed; restore the committed crop on deselect. Keyed
-  // on the element so switching selections restores the previous one. Runs after
-  // render, so the state re-sync above still reads the element's real committed clip.
+  // cropped-away area can be dimmed; restore on deselect. Keyed on the element so
+  // switching selections restores the previous one. Runs after render, so the
+  // state re-sync above still reads the element's real committed clip. Restore
+  // prefers the pre-lift inline value VERBATIM — the rebuilt inset only replaces
+  // it after a crop gesture actually commits, so a mere select+deselect can
+  // never reformat (or drop) what the author wrote. Both refs are written only
+  // by THIS element's lift effect and crop gestures — never derived from render
+  // state, which by cleanup time already describes the NEXT selection (a direct
+  // A→B switch re-syncs state to B before A's cleanup runs).
   const liftedRef = useRef(false);
+  const preLiftInlineClipRef = useRef("");
+  // null = no crop gesture committed this selection; "" = committed a crop
+  // removal; anything else = the exact committed clip-path value.
+  const committedClipRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   useEffect(() => {
     const el = selection.element;
+    if (readElementCropInsets(el) === null) return;
+    preLiftInlineClipRef.current = el.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path");
+    committedClipRef.current = null;
     el.style.setProperty("clip-path", "none");
     liftedRef.current = true;
     return () => {
       liftedRef.current = false;
-      if (committedRef.current) el.style.setProperty("clip-path", committedRef.current);
+      const committed = committedClipRef.current;
+      const restore = committed !== null ? committed || null : preLiftInlineClipRef.current || null;
+      if (restore) el.style.setProperty("clip-path", restore);
       else el.style.removeProperty("clip-path");
     };
   }, [selection.element]);
 
-  const scaleX = overlayRect.editScaleX > 0 ? overlayRect.editScaleX : 1;
-  const scaleY = overlayRect.editScaleY > 0 ? overlayRect.editScaleY : 1;
-  const width = overlayRect.width / scaleX;
-  const height = overlayRect.height / scaleY;
-  const cropRect = cropRectFromInsets(overlayRect, state.insets, scaleX, scaleY);
+  // The crop applies in the element's LOCAL frame (clip-path precedes the
+  // transform), so all crop UI is drawn inside a container rotated with the
+  // element — on a rotated element an axis-aligned dim visually "straightens"
+  // it by masking the rotated corners.
+  const frame = readElementCropFrame(selection.element, overlayRect);
+  const width = frame.width / frame.scaleX; // element CSS px
+  const height = frame.height / frame.scaleY;
+  // Crop rect in FRAME-LOCAL coordinates (origin = frame top-left).
+  const cropRect = cropRectFromInsets(
+    { left: 0, top: 0, width: frame.width, height: frame.height },
+    state.insets,
+    frame.scaleX,
+    frame.scaleY,
+  );
 
   const startCropGesture = (edge: CropEdge | "move", event: ReactPointerEvent<HTMLElement>) => {
     if (!onStyleCommit) return;
@@ -153,6 +166,9 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
       startY: event.clientY,
       startInsets: state.insets,
       didMove: false,
+      angleDeg: frame.angleDeg,
+      scaleX: frame.scaleX,
+      scaleY: frame.scaleY,
     };
     // Clip is already lifted by the selection effect; just flag the drag so the
     // rule-of-thirds grid shows.
@@ -164,12 +180,17 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
     if (!gesture || gesture.pointerId !== event.pointerId) return;
     event.preventDefault();
     event.stopPropagation();
+    const local = rotateDeltaIntoFrame(
+      event.clientX - gesture.startX,
+      event.clientY - gesture.startY,
+      gesture.angleDeg,
+    );
     const drag = {
       startInsets: gesture.startInsets,
-      deltaX: event.clientX - gesture.startX,
-      deltaY: event.clientY - gesture.startY,
-      scaleX,
-      scaleY,
+      deltaX: local.deltaX,
+      deltaY: local.deltaY,
+      scaleX: gesture.scaleX,
+      scaleY: gesture.scaleY,
     };
     const nextInsets =
       gesture.edge === "move"
@@ -196,9 +217,19 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
     const reLift = () => {
       if (liftedRef.current) el.style.setProperty("clip-path", "none");
     };
-    void Promise.resolve(
-      onStyleCommit?.("clip-path", buildInsetClipPathSides(state.insets, state.radius)),
-    ).then(reLift, reLift);
+    const committedValue = buildInsetClipPathSides(state.insets, state.radius);
+    const cropped =
+      state.insets.top > 0 ||
+      state.insets.right > 0 ||
+      state.insets.bottom > 0 ||
+      state.insets.left > 0;
+    void Promise.resolve(onStyleCommit?.("clip-path", committedValue)).then(() => {
+      // Only a landed commit makes the rebuilt inset the restore value; a
+      // failed one keeps restoring the pre-lift clip. Store the value itself —
+      // by deselect time, render state describes the next selection.
+      committedClipRef.current = cropped ? committedValue : "";
+      reLift();
+    }, reLift);
   };
 
   const cancelCropGesture = (event: ReactPointerEvent<HTMLElement>) => {
@@ -212,25 +243,32 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
     setState((prev) => ({ ...prev, insets: gesture.startInsets }));
   };
 
+  // Uneditable clip (circle/polygon/non-px inset): the element renders exactly
+  // as authored and the crop tool shows nothing. All hooks above stay mounted.
+  if (!state.croppable) return null;
+
   return (
-    <>
+    <div
+      data-dom-edit-crop-frame="true"
+      className="pointer-events-none absolute"
+      style={{
+        left: frame.left,
+        top: frame.top,
+        width: frame.width,
+        height: frame.height,
+        transform: frame.angleDeg !== 0 ? `rotate(${frame.angleDeg}deg)` : undefined,
+      }}
+    >
       {/* Dim the cropped-away area whenever the element is cropped and selected,
-          so the hidden content is visible (ghosted) without dragging. */}
+          so the hidden content is visible (ghosted) without dragging. Clipped to
+          the element's own (rotated) box. */}
       {hasCrop && (
-        <div
-          className="pointer-events-none absolute overflow-hidden"
-          style={{
-            left: overlayRect.left,
-            top: overlayRect.top,
-            width: overlayRect.width,
-            height: overlayRect.height,
-          }}
-        >
+        <div className="pointer-events-none absolute inset-0 overflow-hidden">
           <div
             className="absolute"
             style={{
-              left: cropRect.left - overlayRect.left,
-              top: cropRect.top - overlayRect.top,
+              left: cropRect.left,
+              top: cropRect.top,
               width: cropRect.width,
               height: cropRect.height,
               boxShadow: "0 0 0 100000px rgba(8, 8, 12, 0.6)",
@@ -312,6 +350,6 @@ export function DomEditCropHandles({
           />
         );
       })}
-    </>
+    </div>
   );
 }
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.test.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.test.ts
index db1f2291b..fbc8eccb2 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.test.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.test.ts
@@ -535,6 +535,47 @@ describe("resolveDomEditResizeGesture", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  it("divides the cursor delta by the element's content scale (rescaled element)", () => {
+    // Element renders at 2x via a GSAP scale: a 30px cursor delta must grow the
+    // CSS box by only 15px so the RENDERED box tracks the pointer 1:1.
+    const next = resolveDomEditResizeGesture({
+      originWidth: 480, // 240 css x 2 content scale (overlay px at editScale 1)
+      originHeight: 240,
+      actualWidth: 240,
+      actualHeight: 120,
+      scaleX: 1,
+      scaleY: 1,
+      contentScaleX: 2,
+      contentScaleY: 2,
+      dx: 30,
+      dy: 12,
+      uniform: false,
+    });
+    expect(next.width).toBe(255);
+    expect(next.height).toBe(126);
+    // The overlay box keeps tracking the raw cursor.
+    expect(next.overlayWidth).toBe(510);
+    expect(next.overlayHeight).toBe(252);
+  });
+
+  it("treats a missing/invalid content scale as 1 (unscaled element)", () => {
+    const next = resolveDomEditResizeGesture({
+      originWidth: 240,
+      originHeight: 120,
+      actualWidth: 240,
+      actualHeight: 120,
+      scaleX: 1,
+      scaleY: 1,
+      contentScaleX: 0,
+      contentScaleY: Number.NaN,
+      dx: 30,
+      dy: 12,
+      uniform: false,
+    });
+    expect(next.width).toBe(270);
+    expect(next.height).toBe(132);
+  });
+
   it("snaps width and height to the same value when Shift is held", () => {
     expect(
       resolveDomEditResizeGesture({
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.tsx b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.tsx
index 737a47455..c0adaef18 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.tsx
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/DomEditOverlay.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { memo, useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState, type RefObject } from "react";
+import { getPreviewTargetFromPointer } from "../../utils/studioPreviewHelpers";
 import { type DomEditSelection } from "./domEditing";
 import type { PreviewMouseDownOptions } from "../../hooks/usePreviewInteraction";
 import { useMarqueeGestures } from "./marqueeCommit";
@@ -305,8 +306,23 @@ export const DomEditOverlay = memo(function DomEditOverlay({
     const target = event.target as HTMLElement | null;
     if (target?.closest('[data-dom-edit-selection-box="true"]')) return;
 
-    // Start marquee if clicking on empty canvas (no element under pointer)
+    // Start marquee if clicking on empty canvas (no element under pointer).
+    // The hover selection is an ASYNC cache: on a fast click (or when the
+    // pointer was already resting over an element) it can still be empty while
+    // an element IS under the pointer — starting a marquee here would swallow
+    // the selection mousedown and the click would silently select nothing.
+    // Confirm emptiness with a fresh SYNCHRONOUS hit-test before committing.
     if (!hoverSelectionRef.current && onMarqueeSelectRef.current && compRect.width > 0) {
+      const iframe = iframeRef.current;
+      const freshTarget = iframe
+        ? getPreviewTargetFromPointer(
+            iframe,
+            event.clientX,
+            event.clientY,
+            activeCompositionPathRef.current,
+          )
+        : null;
+      if (freshTarget) return;
       const overlayEl = overlayRef.current;
       if (overlayEl) {
         const oRect = overlayEl.getBoundingClientRect();
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.test.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.test.ts
index 2dd54f357..9831f06ed 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.test.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.test.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
 import {
   cropRectFromInsets,
+  hugRectForElement,
+  readElementCropFrame,
+  readElementCropInsets,
   resolveCropInsetFromEdgeDrag,
   resolveCropInsetFromMoveDrag,
+  rotateDeltaIntoFrame,
 } from "./domEditOverlayCrop";
 
 describe("resolveCropInsetFromEdgeDrag", () => {
@@ -104,3 +108,136 @@ describe("cropRectFromInsets", () => {
     expect(r.height).toBe(0);
   });
 });
+
+describe("readElementCropInsets tri-state", () => {
+  // Regression: a clip-path the crop tool can't represent (circle/polygon/
+  // non-px inset) used to parse to ZEROS — indistinguishable from "no crop" —
+  // so selecting lifted the clip and deselecting removed/replaced it: the
+  // authored circle clip was silently destroyed by a mere select+deselect.
+  const fakeEl = (inlineClip: string) =>
+    ({
+      style: { getPropertyValue: (p: string) => (p === "clip-path" ? inlineClip : "") },
+      ownerDocument: { defaultView: { getComputedStyle: () => ({ clipPath: "none" }) } },
+    }) as unknown as HTMLElement;
+
+  it("zeros for no clip", () => {
+    expect(readElementCropInsets(fakeEl(""))).toEqual({
+      top: 0,
+      right: 0,
+      bottom: 0,
+      left: 0,
+      radius: 0,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("parses a px inset", () => {
+    expect(readElementCropInsets(fakeEl("inset(16px round 12px)"))).toEqual({
+      top: 16,
+      right: 16,
+      bottom: 16,
+      left: 16,
+      radius: 12,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("null for a circle clip (uneditable, must not be lifted)", () => {
+    expect(readElementCropInsets(fakeEl("circle(50% at 50% 50%)"))).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("null for a non-px inset (uneditable, must not be lifted)", () => {
+    expect(readElementCropInsets(fakeEl("inset(10%)"))).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("hugRectForElement passes the rect through for uneditable clips", () => {
+    const rect = { left: 1, top: 2, width: 30, height: 40, editScaleX: 1, editScaleY: 1 };
+    expect(hugRectForElement(rect, fakeEl("circle(50%)"))).toEqual(rect);
+  });
+});
+
+// Regression: crop UI drawn on the axis-aligned bounding box visually
+// "straightens" a rotated element — the dim masks the rotated corners. The
+// frame gives the element's own box + rotation so the UI rotates with it.
+describe("readElementCropFrame", () => {
+  const overlayRect = { left: 100, top: 50, width: 220, height: 130, editScaleX: 1, editScaleY: 1 };
+
+  const fakeEl = (transform: string, offsetWidth = 200, offsetHeight = 100) =>
+    ({
+      offsetWidth,
+      offsetHeight,
+      ownerDocument: { defaultView: { getComputedStyle: () => ({ transform }) } },
+    }) as unknown as HTMLElement;
+
+  it("identity transform → the axis-aligned overlay rect", () => {
+    expect(readElementCropFrame(fakeEl("none"), overlayRect)).toEqual({
+      angleDeg: 0,
+      left: 100,
+      top: 50,
+      width: 220,
+      height: 130,
+      scaleX: 1,
+      scaleY: 1,
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("rotated element → its own box, centered on the AABB, with the angle", () => {
+    // rotate(30deg): matrix(cos, sin, -sin, cos, tx, ty)
+    const cos = Math.cos(Math.PI / 6);
+    const sin = Math.sin(Math.PI / 6);
+    const frame = readElementCropFrame(
+      fakeEl(`matrix(${cos}, ${sin}, ${-sin}, ${cos}, 10, 20)`),
+      overlayRect,
+    );
+    expect(frame.angleDeg).toBeCloseTo(30, 3);
+    expect(frame.width).toBeCloseTo(200, 3);
+    expect(frame.height).toBeCloseTo(100, 3);
+    // centered on the AABB center (210, 115)
+    expect(frame.left + frame.width / 2).toBeCloseTo(210, 3);
+    expect(frame.top + frame.height / 2).toBeCloseTo(115, 3);
+    expect(frame.scaleX).toBeCloseTo(1, 3);
+  });
+
+  it("scaled element → scale factored into px-per-element-px", () => {
+    const frame = readElementCropFrame(fakeEl("matrix(1.5, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0)"), overlayRect);
+    expect(frame.angleDeg).toBe(0);
+    expect(frame.scaleX).toBeCloseTo(1.5, 3);
+    expect(frame.scaleY).toBeCloseTo(2, 3);
+    expect(frame.width).toBeCloseTo(300, 3);
+    expect(frame.height).toBeCloseTo(200, 3);
+  });
+
+  it("3D transform falls back to the axis-aligned frame", () => {
+    const frame = readElementCropFrame(
+      fakeEl("matrix3d(1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1)"),
+      overlayRect,
+    );
+    expect(frame).toEqual({
+      angleDeg: 0,
+      left: 100,
+      top: 50,
+      width: 220,
+      height: 130,
+      scaleX: 1,
+      scaleY: 1,
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("rotateDeltaIntoFrame", () => {
+  it("passes deltas through at 0deg", () => {
+    expect(rotateDeltaIntoFrame(10, 5, 0)).toEqual({ deltaX: 10, deltaY: 5 });
+  });
+
+  it("rotates a screen delta into a 90deg-rotated frame", () => {
+    // Element rotated +90°: dragging DOWN on screen moves along the element's +x.
+    const { deltaX, deltaY } = rotateDeltaIntoFrame(0, 10, 90);
+    expect(deltaX).toBeCloseTo(10, 6);
+    expect(deltaY).toBeCloseTo(0, 6);
+  });
+
+  it("round-trips a 30deg rotation", () => {
+    const local = rotateDeltaIntoFrame(7, -3, 30);
+    const back = rotateDeltaIntoFrame(local.deltaX, local.deltaY, -30);
+    expect(back.deltaX).toBeCloseTo(7, 6);
+    expect(back.deltaY).toBeCloseTo(-3, 6);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.ts
index 7eba37ec4..cfff9daf4 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayCrop.ts
@@ -28,15 +28,21 @@ export function cropRectFromInsets(
   };
 }
 
-/** Current inset crop of an element (inline first, computed fallback), or zeros. */
-export function readElementCropInsets(element: HTMLElement): ClipPathInsetSides & {
-  radius: number;
-} {
+/**
+ * Current inset crop of an element (inline first, computed fallback).
+ * Zeros = no clip (croppable, nothing cropped yet). `null` = the element
+ * carries a clip-path this tool cannot represent (circle/polygon/non-px
+ * inset) — croppers must not lift, edit, or restore it, or the clip gets
+ * silently replaced or destroyed on deselect.
+ */
+export function readElementCropInsets(
+  element: HTMLElement,
+): (ClipPathInsetSides & { radius: number }) | null {
   const inline = element.style.getPropertyValue("clip-path").trim();
   const value =
     inline || element.ownerDocument.defaultView?.getComputedStyle(element).clipPath.trim() || "";
-  const parsed = parseInsetClipPathSides(value === "none" ? "" : value);
-  return parsed ?? { top: 0, right: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0, radius: 0 };
+  if (!value || value === "none") return { top: 0, right: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0, radius: 0 };
+  return parseInsetClipPathSides(value);
 }
 
 export interface CropInsetDragInput {
@@ -111,6 +117,96 @@ export function hugRectForElement(
   element: HTMLElement,
 ): CropScreenRect {
   const insets = readElementCropInsets(element);
-  if (insets.top <= 0 && insets.right <= 0 && insets.bottom <= 0 && insets.left <= 0) return rect;
+  // Uneditable clip (null) can't be hugged — show the full element rect.
+  if (!insets || (insets.top <= 0 && insets.right <= 0 && insets.bottom <= 0 && insets.left <= 0))
+    return rect;
   return cropRectFromInsets(rect, insets, rect.editScaleX, rect.editScaleY);
 }
+
+/**
+ * The element's own (unrotated) box in overlay space, plus the rotation to
+ * apply when drawing crop UI over it. `clip-path` applies in the element's
+ * LOCAL frame — before its transform — so the crop dim/outline/handles must be
+ * drawn rotated with the element, not on its axis-aligned bounding box: an
+ * AABB-drawn dim visually "straightens" a rotated element by masking its
+ * corners (the crop window looks axis-aligned while the pixels are not).
+ *
+ * scaleX/scaleY are overlay px per element CSS px (element's own scale × the
+ * editor zoom), so element-space insets map straight onto the frame. Assumes
+ * the default 50%/50% transform-origin (the GSAP/studio convention). 3D or
+ * unparseable transforms fall back to the axis-aligned frame (angle 0, AABB
+ * box) — the pre-existing presentation.
+ */
+export interface CropFrame {
+  angleDeg: number;
+  left: number;
+  top: number;
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+  scaleX: number;
+  scaleY: number;
+}
+
+export function readElementCropFrame(
+  element: HTMLElement,
+  overlayRect: CropScreenRect & { editScaleX: number; editScaleY: number },
+): CropFrame {
+  const editX = overlayRect.editScaleX > 0 ? overlayRect.editScaleX : 1;
+  const editY = overlayRect.editScaleY > 0 ? overlayRect.editScaleY : 1;
+  const aabb: CropFrame = {
+    angleDeg: 0,
+    left: overlayRect.left,
+    top: overlayRect.top,
+    width: overlayRect.width,
+    height: overlayRect.height,
+    scaleX: editX,
+    scaleY: editY,
+  };
+  let transform = "";
+  try {
+    transform = element.ownerDocument.defaultView?.getComputedStyle(element).transform ?? "";
+  } catch {
+    return aabb;
+  }
+  if (!transform || transform === "none") return aabb;
+  const m = /^matrix\(([^)]+)\)$/.exec(transform);
+  if (!m) return aabb; // matrix3d or unparseable → axis-aligned fallback
+  const [a, b, c, d] = m[1]!.split(",").map((v) => Number.parseFloat(v));
+  if (![a, b, c, d].every(Number.isFinite)) return aabb;
+  const elScaleX = Math.hypot(a!, b!);
+  const det = a! * d! - b! * c!;
+  const elScaleY = elScaleX !== 0 ? det / elScaleX : 1;
+  if (elScaleX <= 0 || elScaleY <= 0) return aabb;
+  const angleDeg = (Math.atan2(b!, a!) * 180) / Math.PI;
+  const scaleX = elScaleX * editX;
+  const scaleY = elScaleY * editY;
+  const width = element.offsetWidth * scaleX;
+  const height = element.offsetHeight * scaleY;
+  if (!(width > 0) || !(height > 0)) return aabb;
+  // Rotation about the default center keeps the center invariant, so the
+  // local box is centered on the AABB center.
+  const cx = overlayRect.left + overlayRect.width / 2;
+  const cy = overlayRect.top + overlayRect.height / 2;
+  return {
+    angleDeg,
+    left: cx - width / 2,
+    top: cy - height / 2,
+    width,
+    height,
+    scaleX,
+    scaleY,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Rotate a screen-space pointer delta into the element's local frame. */
+export function rotateDeltaIntoFrame(
+  deltaX: number,
+  deltaY: number,
+  angleDeg: number,
+): { deltaX: number; deltaY: number } {
+  if (angleDeg === 0) return { deltaX, deltaY };
+  const rad = (-angleDeg * Math.PI) / 180;
+  const cos = Math.cos(rad);
+  const sin = Math.sin(rad);
+  return { deltaX: deltaX * cos - deltaY * sin, deltaY: deltaX * sin + deltaY * cos };
+}
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayGestures.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayGestures.ts
index 7f3c63c80..2abc793b6 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayGestures.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayGestures.ts
@@ -39,6 +39,25 @@ export interface GestureState {
   actualRotation: number;
   editScaleX: number;
   editScaleY: number;
+  // Rendered-per-CSS-pixel factor of the element itself at gesture start (a GSAP
+  // scale() transform makes this > 1) — the resize draft divides by it so the box
+  // follows the cursor instead of overshooting by the live scale.
+  contentScaleX: number;
+  contentScaleY: number;
+  // Resize anchor pinning: with a live scale transform, growing the CSS box
+  // shifts the rendered box (scaling happens around the element center), so the
+  // un-dragged corner creeps during the draft. The move handler measures the
+  // gesture-start top-left drift each frame and counters it through the GSAP
+  // position channel; the pin accumulates so the correction converges.
+  // Present only on resize gestures.
+  resizeAnchor?: {
+    anchorX: number;
+    anchorY: number;
+    baseGsapX: number;
+    baseGsapY: number;
+    pinX: number;
+    pinY: number;
+  };
   manualEditDragToken?: string;
   snapContext?: SnapContext;
   lastSnappedDx?: number;
@@ -77,21 +96,31 @@ export function resolveDomEditResizeGesture(input: {
   actualHeight: number;
   scaleX: number;
   scaleY: number;
+  // Rendered-per-CSS-pixel factor of the element itself (its live GSAP scale).
+  // The CSS width/height the draft writes get multiplied by this on screen, so
+  // the cursor delta must be divided by it — otherwise the box outruns the
+  // pointer on a rescaled element and snaps back on release. Defaults to 1.
+  contentScaleX?: number;
+  contentScaleY?: number;
   dx: number;
   dy: number;
   uniform: boolean;
 }): { overlayWidth: number; overlayHeight: number; width: number; height: number } {
   const scaleX = input.scaleX > 0 ? input.scaleX : 1;
   const scaleY = input.scaleY > 0 ? input.scaleY : 1;
+  const contentScaleX =
+    input.contentScaleX !== undefined && input.contentScaleX > 0 ? input.contentScaleX : 1;
+  const contentScaleY =
+    input.contentScaleY !== undefined && input.contentScaleY > 0 ? input.contentScaleY : 1;
 
   if (input.uniform) {
-    const deltaX = input.dx / scaleX;
-    const deltaY = input.dy / scaleY;
+    const deltaX = input.dx / (scaleX * contentScaleX);
+    const deltaY = input.dy / (scaleY * contentScaleY);
     const delta = Math.abs(deltaX) >= Math.abs(deltaY) ? deltaX : deltaY;
     const side = Math.max(1, Math.max(input.actualWidth, input.actualHeight) + delta);
     return {
-      overlayWidth: Math.max(MIN_RESIZE_EDGE_PX, side * scaleX),
-      overlayHeight: Math.max(MIN_RESIZE_EDGE_PX, side * scaleY),
+      overlayWidth: Math.max(MIN_RESIZE_EDGE_PX, side * scaleX * contentScaleX),
+      overlayHeight: Math.max(MIN_RESIZE_EDGE_PX, side * scaleY * contentScaleY),
       width: side,
       height: side,
     };
@@ -100,8 +129,8 @@ export function resolveDomEditResizeGesture(input: {
   return {
     overlayWidth: Math.max(MIN_RESIZE_EDGE_PX, input.originWidth + input.dx),
     overlayHeight: Math.max(MIN_RESIZE_EDGE_PX, input.originHeight + input.dy),
-    width: Math.max(1, input.actualWidth + input.dx / scaleX),
-    height: Math.max(1, input.actualHeight + input.dy / scaleY),
+    width: Math.max(1, input.actualWidth + input.dx / (scaleX * contentScaleX)),
+    height: Math.max(1, input.actualHeight + input.dy / (scaleY * contentScaleY)),
   };
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayStartGesture.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayStartGesture.ts
index f91a8a434..636265e20 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayStartGesture.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditOverlayStartGesture.ts
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
  * Gesture-begin functions: startGroupDrag and startGesture.
  * These are pure "start a new gesture" operations — no draft rect updates.
  */
+import { readElementGsapNumber } from "../../utils/elementGsap";
 import { type DomEditSelection } from "./domEditing";
 import {
   createManualOffsetDragMember,
@@ -120,8 +121,37 @@ export function startGesture(
   // `--hf-studio-rotation` CSS var (old projects), so a rotate gesture starts from the
   // element's actual visual angle and commits an absolute angle to the timeline.
   const rotation = { angle: readGsapRotation(sel.element) + readStudioRotation(sel.element).angle };
-  const actualWidth = size.width > 0 ? size.width : rect.width / rect.editScaleX;
-  const actualHeight = size.height > 0 ? size.height : rect.height / rect.editScaleY;
+  // The draft writes CSS width/height, so the resize base must be the CSS
+  // layout size. offsetWidth/Height are transform-free; the overlay-rect
+  // fallback (rect / editScale) includes the element's own GSAP scale and
+  // would make a rescaled element's draft grow from the RENDERED size.
+  const layoutWidth = sel.element.offsetWidth;
+  const layoutHeight = sel.element.offsetHeight;
+  const actualWidth =
+    size.width > 0 ? size.width : layoutWidth > 0 ? layoutWidth : rect.width / rect.editScaleX;
+  const actualHeight =
+    size.height > 0 ? size.height : layoutHeight > 0 ? layoutHeight : rect.height / rect.editScaleY;
+  // overlay rect = cssSize x contentScale x editScale, so the element's own
+  // render factor (its GSAP scale) falls out of the measured rect. 1 when
+  // unscaled or unmeasurable.
+  const rawContentScaleX = rect.width / (rect.editScaleX * actualWidth);
+  const rawContentScaleY = rect.height / (rect.editScaleY * actualHeight);
+  const contentScaleX =
+    Number.isFinite(rawContentScaleX) && rawContentScaleX > 0 ? rawContentScaleX : 1;
+  const contentScaleY =
+    Number.isFinite(rawContentScaleY) && rawContentScaleY > 0 ? rawContentScaleY : 1;
+  let resizeAnchor: GestureState["resizeAnchor"];
+  if (kind === "resize") {
+    const startBcr = sel.element.getBoundingClientRect();
+    resizeAnchor = {
+      anchorX: startBcr.x,
+      anchorY: startBcr.y,
+      baseGsapX: readElementGsapNumber(sel.element, "x") ?? 0,
+      baseGsapY: readElementGsapNumber(sel.element, "y") ?? 0,
+      pinX: 0,
+      pinY: 0,
+    };
+  }
   let initialPathOffset = captureStudioPathOffset(sel.element);
   let manualEditDragToken: string | undefined;
   let pathOffsetMember: ManualOffsetDragMember | undefined;
@@ -184,6 +214,9 @@ export function startGesture(
     actualRotation: rotation.angle,
     editScaleX: rect.editScaleX,
     editScaleY: rect.editScaleY,
+    contentScaleX,
+    contentScaleY,
+    resizeAnchor,
     manualEditDragToken,
     snapContext,
   };
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditingDom.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditingDom.ts
index cfd347445..b1f341ca7 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditingDom.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/domEditingDom.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
  * selector utilities, and composition source resolution.
  * No imports from other domEditing* modules — safe to import from anywhere.
  */
+import { COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR } from "@hyperframes/core/color-grading";
 import { CURATED_STYLE_PROPERTIES } from "./domEditingTypes";
 
 // ─── Type guard ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -28,8 +29,6 @@ export function isTextBearingTag(tagName: string): boolean {
   return ["div", "span", "p", "strong", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6"].includes(tagName);
 }
 
-const COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR = "data-hf-color-grading-source-hidden";
-
 export function isElementVisibleThroughAncestors(el: HTMLElement): boolean {
   const win = el.ownerDocument.defaultView;
   if (!win) return true;
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/useDomEditOverlayGestures.ts b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/useDomEditOverlayGestures.ts
index bce380b30..83da0418e 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/components/editor/useDomEditOverlayGestures.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/components/editor/useDomEditOverlayGestures.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Owns: onPointerMove, onPointerUp, clearPointerState.
  * startGesture and startGroupDrag live in domEditOverlayStartGesture.ts.
  */
+import { setElementGsapPosition } from "../../utils/elementGsap";
 import type { RefObject } from "react";
 import { type DomEditSelection } from "./domEditing";
 import {
@@ -53,6 +54,13 @@ import {
   resolveEquidistanceGuides,
   SNAP_THRESHOLD_PX,
 } from "./snapEngine";
+/** Undo the resize draft's anchor pin: snap GSAP x/y back to the gesture base. */
+function restoreResizeAnchorPin(element: HTMLElement, g: GestureState): void {
+  const anchor = g.resizeAnchor;
+  if (!anchor || (anchor.pinX === 0 && anchor.pinY === 0)) return;
+  setElementGsapPosition(element, anchor.baseGsapX, anchor.baseGsapY);
+}
+
 export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGesturesOptions) {
   const setDraftOverlayRect = (next: OverlayRect) => {
     opts.setOverlayRect(next);
@@ -175,7 +183,8 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
         actualAngle: g.actualRotation,
         snap: e.shiftKey,
       });
-      if (!applyRotationDraftViaGsap(sel.element, rotated.angle)) {
+      const draftViaGsap = applyRotationDraftViaGsap(sel.element, rotated.angle);
+      if (!draftViaGsap) {
         applyStudioRotationDraft(sel.element, rotated);
       }
       return;
@@ -278,12 +287,35 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
         actualHeight: g.actualHeight,
         scaleX: g.editScaleX,
         scaleY: g.editScaleY,
+        contentScaleX: g.contentScaleX,
+        contentScaleY: g.contentScaleY,
         dx,
         dy,
         uniform: e.shiftKey,
       });
       applyStudioBoxSizeDraft(sel.element, nextSize);
-
+      // Pin the gesture anchor (top-left): with a live scale transform, the CSS
+      // size change shifts the rendered box around the element center. Measure
+      // the drift of the gesture-start corner and counter it via GSAP x/y —
+      // accumulated onto the previous pin so the correction converges instead
+      // of oscillating. The release-time position compensation re-measures the
+      // drop, so the pin composes with the commit.
+      const anchor = g.resizeAnchor;
+      if (anchor) {
+        const pinned = sel.element.getBoundingClientRect();
+        const nextPinX = anchor.pinX + (anchor.anchorX - pinned.x);
+        const nextPinY = anchor.pinY + (anchor.anchorY - pinned.y);
+        if (
+          setElementGsapPosition(
+            sel.element,
+            anchor.baseGsapX + nextPinX,
+            anchor.baseGsapY + nextPinY,
+          )
+        ) {
+          anchor.pinX = nextPinX;
+          anchor.pinY = nextPinY;
+        }
+      }
       // Re-read BCR after applying dimensions. For elements with a GSAP
       // scale transform and centered transform-origin the visual top-left
       // drifts and the visual size diverges from the raw CSS size, so BCR
@@ -382,6 +414,7 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
     }
 
     if (g.kind === "resize" && movedDistance < BLOCKED_MOVE_THRESHOLD_PX) {
+      restoreResizeAnchorPin(sel.element, g);
       restoreStudioBoxSize(sel.element, g.initialBoxSize);
       endStudioManualEditGesture(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken);
       if (box) {
@@ -411,7 +444,8 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
           restoreStudioRotation(sel.element, g.initialRotation);
         }
       };
-      if (!hasDomEditRotationChanged(g.actualRotation, finalRotation.angle)) {
+      const rotationChanged = hasDomEditRotationChanged(g.actualRotation, finalRotation.angle);
+      if (!rotationChanged) {
         restoreRotation();
         endStudioManualEditGesture(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken);
         return;
@@ -422,14 +456,17 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
         applyStudioRotation(sel.element, finalRotation);
       }
       void Promise.resolve(opts.onRotationCommitRef.current(sel, finalRotation))
-        .catch(() => {
+        .catch((error) => {
+          console.error("rotate commit failed", error);
           if (
             g.manualEditDragToken &&
             isStudioManualEditGestureCurrent(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken)
           )
             restoreRotation();
         })
-        .finally(() => endStudioManualEditGesture(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken));
+        .finally(() => {
+          endStudioManualEditGesture(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken);
+        });
     } else if (g.kind === "drag") {
       const dx = g.lastSnappedDx ?? e.clientX - g.startX;
       const dy = g.lastSnappedDy ?? e.clientY - g.startY;
@@ -469,12 +506,15 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
       const finalSize = readStudioBoxSize(sel.element);
       applyStudioBoxSize(sel.element, finalSize);
       void Promise.resolve(opts.onBoxSizeCommitRef.current(sel, finalSize))
-        .catch(() => {
+        .catch((error) => {
+          console.error("resize commit failed", error);
           if (
             g.manualEditDragToken &&
             isStudioManualEditGestureCurrent(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken)
-          )
+          ) {
+            restoreResizeAnchorPin(sel.element, g);
             restoreStudioBoxSize(sel.element, g.initialBoxSize);
+          }
         })
         .finally(() => endStudioManualEditGesture(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken));
     }
@@ -494,6 +534,7 @@ export function createDomEditOverlayGestureHandlers(opts: UseDomEditOverlayGestu
       restoreGestureOverlayRect(g);
     }
     if (g?.mode === "box-size" && sel) {
+      restoreResizeAnchorPin(sel.element, g);
       restoreStudioBoxSize(sel.element, g.initialBoxSize);
       endStudioManualEditGesture(sel.element, g.manualEditDragToken);
       restoreGestureOverlayRect(g);
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapResizeIntercept.test.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapResizeIntercept.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6a0d75088
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapResizeIntercept.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// @vitest-environment happy-dom
+import { afterEach, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import type { GsapAnimation } from "@hyperframes/core/gsap-parser";
+import type { DomEditSelection } from "../components/editor/domEditingTypes";
+import { usePlayerStore } from "../player/store/playerStore";
+import { tryGsapResizeIntercept } from "./gsapResizeIntercept";
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  vi.restoreAllMocks();
+  usePlayerStore.setState({ currentTime: 0, activeKeyframePct: null });
+});
+
+/**
+ * Scale-route resize: an element whose visual size is driven by a scale-group
+ * tween. The intercept must (a) route the commit through SCALE, never
+ * width/height, and (b) resolve convert-to-keyframes from-values through the
+ * group filter — an opacity-touching intro tween on the same element must not
+ * ride into the converted keyframes (the disappearance bake class).
+ */
+function makeGradedElement(): HTMLElement {
+  const el = document.createElement("img");
+  el.id = "clip";
+  el.setAttribute("data-hf-studio-original-width", "640");
+  el.setAttribute("data-hf-studio-original-height", "360");
+  // Grading contract: source hidden, canvas carries effective opacity.
+  el.setAttribute("data-hf-color-grading-source-hidden", "");
+  const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+  canvas.id = "__hf_color_grading_clip";
+  canvas.style.opacity = "0.98";
+  document.body.append(el, canvas);
+  return el;
+}
+
+function fakeIframe(el: HTMLElement, gsapValues: Record<string, number>) {
+  // The element's OPACITY intro tween lives on the timeline: unfiltered
+  // capture would pick `opacity` up via the other-tween sweep.
+  const opacityIntro = { targets: () => [el], vars: { opacity: 0, duration: 0.8 } };
+  return {
+    contentWindow: {
+      __timelines: { main: { getChildren: () => [opacityIntro] } },
+      gsap: { getProperty: (_el: Element, prop: string) => gsapValues[prop] ?? 0 },
+    },
+    contentDocument: document,
+  } as unknown as HTMLIFrameElement;
+}
+
+function scaleFromTween(): GsapAnimation {
+  return {
+    id: "#clip-from-200-scale",
+    targetSelector: "#clip",
+    propertyGroup: "scale",
+    method: "from",
+    properties: { scale: 0.9 },
+    position: 0.2,
+    resolvedStart: 0.2,
+    duration: 0.8,
+  } as unknown as GsapAnimation;
+}
+
+function keyframedScaleFixture(): GsapAnimation {
+  return {
+    ...scaleFromTween(),
+    keyframes: {
+      keyframes: [
+        { percentage: 0, properties: { scale: 0.9 } },
+        { percentage: 100, properties: { scale: 1 } },
+      ],
+    },
+  } as unknown as GsapAnimation;
+}
+
+/** Drive one resize through the intercept, returning every committed mutation. */
+async function runResize(
+  el: HTMLElement,
+  iframe: HTMLIFrameElement,
+  size: { width: number; height: number },
+): Promise<Array<Record<string, unknown>>> {
+  const selection = { id: "clip", selector: "#clip", element: el } as unknown as DomEditSelection;
+  usePlayerStore.setState({ currentTime: 0.5 }); // inside the tween's range
+  const committed: Array<Record<string, unknown>> = [];
+  const commitMutation = vi.fn(async (_sel: unknown, mutation: Record<string, unknown>) => {
+    committed.push(mutation);
+  });
+  const handled = await tryGsapResizeIntercept(
+    selection,
+    size,
+    [scaleFromTween()],
+    iframe,
+    commitMutation as never,
+    async () => [keyframedScaleFixture()],
+  );
+  expect(handled).toBe(true);
+  return committed;
+}
+
+it("scale-route resize converts via the group filter and commits scale, not width/height", async () => {
+  const el = makeGradedElement();
+  const iframe = fakeIframe(el, { scale: 1, scaleX: 1, scaleY: 1, opacity: 0, rotation: 0 });
+  // uniform: 800/640 === 450/360
+  const committed = await runResize(el, iframe, { width: 800, height: 450 });
+
+  const convert = committed.find((m) => m.type === "convert-to-keyframes");
+  expect(convert).toBeDefined();
+  const fromValues = convert!.resolvedFromValues as Record<string, number>;
+  // Group filter: the opacity intro tween must NOT leak into the conversion.
+  expect(fromValues).not.toHaveProperty("opacity");
+  expect(fromValues).toHaveProperty("scale");
+
+  // Every committed property is scale-group — the resize never writes
+  // width/height for a scale-driven element (the double-apply bug class).
+  const allProps = committed.flatMap((m) => [
+    ...Object.keys((m.properties as Record<string, unknown>) ?? {}),
+    ...Object.keys((m.resolvedFromValues as Record<string, unknown>) ?? {}),
+  ]);
+  expect(allProps).not.toContain("width");
+  expect(allProps).not.toContain("height");
+  expect(allProps.some((p) => p === "scale" || p === "scaleX")).toBe(true);
+});
+
+it("non-uniform drag commits scaleX/scaleY longhands", async () => {
+  const el = makeGradedElement();
+  const iframe = fakeIframe(el, { scale: 1, scaleX: 1, scaleY: 1, opacity: 0 });
+  // scaleX 1.25 vs scaleY 1.0 → non-uniform
+  const committed = await runResize(el, iframe, { width: 800, height: 360 });
+
+  const serialized = JSON.stringify(committed);
+  expect(serialized).toContain("scaleX");
+  expect(serialized).toContain("scaleY");
+});
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapResizeIntercept.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapResizeIntercept.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7cc47670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapResizeIntercept.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/**
+ * Resize-gesture GSAP intercept: routes a manual resize on a scale-driven
+ * element into scale commits (per-axis longhands for non-uniform drags, with
+ * keyframe normalization), then settles position synchronously so the drop
+ * frame can't jump. Split from gsapRuntimeBridge, which owns the shared
+ * group-tween resolution used by the drag/resize/rotate intercepts.
+ */
+import type { GsapAnimation, PropertyGroupName } from "@hyperframes/core/gsap-parser";
+import type { DomEditSelection } from "../components/editor/domEditingTypes";
+import { clearStudioBoxSize } from "../components/editor/manualEdits";
+import { setElementGsapPosition } from "../utils/elementGsap";
+import { usePlayerStore } from "../player/store/playerStore";
+import { readAllAnimatedProperties, readGsapProperty } from "./gsapRuntimeReaders";
+import {
+  commitStaticGsapPosition,
+  commitStaticGsapSize,
+  commitKeyframedSizeFromResize,
+  computeCurrentPercentage,
+  findExistingPositionWrite,
+  findSizeSetAnimation,
+  materializeIfDynamic,
+} from "./gsapDragCommit";
+import type { GsapDragCommitCallbacks } from "./gsapDragCommit";
+import { pickClosestToPlayhead, readGsapPositionFromIframe } from "./gsapPositionDetection";
+import { commitWholePropertyOffset } from "./gsapWholePropertyOffsetCommit";
+import { resolveTweenStart, resolveTweenDuration } from "../utils/globalTimeCompiler";
+import { selectorFromSelection } from "./gsapShared";
+import { roundTo3 } from "../utils/rounding";
+import { resolveGroupTween, POSITION_CHANNELS } from "./gsapRuntimeBridge";
+import { hasNonHoldTweenForElement } from "./gsapRuntimeKeyframes";
+
+const IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS = new Set(["opacity", "autoAlpha", "scale", "scaleX", "scaleY"]);
+
+/** Build identity (zero / one) values for each property in `source`. */
+function synthesizeIdentityProps(
+  source: Record<string, number | string>,
+): Record<string, number | string> {
+  const id: Record<string, number | string> = {};
+  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(source)) {
+    if (typeof v === "number") id[k] = IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS.has(k) ? 1 : 0;
+    else id[k] = v;
+  }
+  return id;
+}
+
+// ── Resize intercept ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+// fallow-ignore-next-line complexity
+export async function tryGsapResizeIntercept(
+  selection: DomEditSelection,
+  size: { width: number; height: number },
+  animations: GsapAnimation[],
+  iframe: HTMLIFrameElement | null,
+  commitMutation: GsapDragCommitCallbacks["commitMutation"],
+  fetchFallbackAnimations?: () => Promise<GsapAnimation[]>,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  // If the element already has a scale-group tween, resize should modify scale
+  // (the user is resizing something whose visual size is driven by scale).
+  // Otherwise, use the size group (width/height).
+  const hasScaleGroup = animations.some((a) => a.propertyGroup === "scale");
+  const resizeGroup: PropertyGroupName = hasScaleGroup ? "scale" : "size";
+  const resolved = await resolveGroupTween(
+    resizeGroup,
+    animations,
+    selection,
+    commitMutation,
+    fetchFallbackAnimations,
+  );
+
+  let anim = resolved?.anim ?? null;
+  if (!anim || anim.method === "set") {
+    const sel = selectorFromSelection(selection);
+    if (!sel) return false;
+    const sizeSet = anim?.method === "set" ? anim : findSizeSetAnimation(animations, sel);
+
+    // If the element is animated (has a real tween, not just a static size
+    // hold), keyframe the size at the playhead so other keyframes keep theirs —
+    // instead of a global set that resizes every frame.
+    if (resizeGroup === "size") {
+      const animatedTween = pickClosestToPlayhead(
+        animations.filter((a) => a.method !== "set" && resolveTweenDuration(a) > 0),
+      );
+      if (animatedTween) {
+        const handled = await commitKeyframedSizeFromResize(
+          selection,
+          size,
+          sel,
+          sizeSet,
+          animatedTween,
+          { commitMutation, fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations },
+        );
+        if (handled) return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    await commitStaticGsapSize(selection, size, sel, sizeSet, {
+      commitMutation,
+      fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations,
+    });
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const { activeKeyframePct, setActiveKeyframePct } = usePlayerStore.getState();
+  const pct = activeKeyframePct ?? computeCurrentPercentage(selection, anim);
+  if (activeKeyframePct != null) setActiveKeyframePct(null);
+  const coalesceKey = `gsap:resize:${anim.id}`;
+
+  const selector = selectorFromSelection(selection);
+  // Scope every capture to the resize group — same contract as the rotation
+  // intercept. Unfiltered, an opacity-touching intro tween on the element
+  // would ride into resize conversions/backfills (the Fix-2 bake class).
+  const runtimeProps = selector
+    ? readAllAnimatedProperties(iframe, selector, anim, resizeGroup)
+    : {};
+
+  let resizeProps: Record<string, number>;
+  let scaleDraftEl: HTMLElement | null = null;
+  let scaleDraftDropPoint: { x: number; y: number } | null = null;
+  let nonUniformScale = false;
+  if (resizeGroup === "scale") {
+    // Iframe-realm element — instanceof HTMLElement fails across realms; the
+    // selector targets composition elements, and every use below is duck-typed.
+    const el = iframe?.contentDocument?.querySelector(selector ?? "") as HTMLElement | null;
+    // The resize draft modifies el.style.width/height, so read the ORIGINAL
+    // dimensions saved by the draft system before it ran.
+    const origW = Number.parseFloat(el?.getAttribute("data-hf-studio-original-width") ?? "");
+    const origH = Number.parseFloat(el?.getAttribute("data-hf-studio-original-height") ?? "");
+    const cssW = Number.isFinite(origW) && origW > 0 ? origW : 200;
+    const cssH = Number.isFinite(origH) && origH > 0 ? origH : cssW;
+    // `size` is the draft's CSS box; on screen it is multiplied by the element's
+    // LIVE scale (the draft divides the cursor delta by it — see
+    // resolveDomEditResizeGesture). The committed keyframe REPLACES that live
+    // scale, so it must reproduce the rendered intent: css × live / original.
+    // Live scale is 1 on a fresh element (first resize), so this is a no-op there.
+    const rawLiveScaleX = readGsapProperty(iframe, selector ?? null, "scaleX") ?? 1;
+    const rawLiveScaleY = readGsapProperty(iframe, selector ?? null, "scaleY") ?? 1;
+    const liveScaleX = rawLiveScaleX > 0 ? rawLiveScaleX : 1;
+    const liveScaleY = rawLiveScaleY > 0 ? rawLiveScaleY : 1;
+    const newScaleX = roundTo3((size.width * liveScaleX) / cssW);
+    const newScaleY = roundTo3((size.height * liveScaleY) / cssH);
+    // A free-form corner drag is usually NON-uniform. A single `scale` value
+    // can't represent it — committing width-derived scale used to snap the
+    // height at drop. Commit scaleX/scaleY longhands instead; keep the uniform
+    // shorthand when the two agree (aspect-true drags, shift-drags).
+    nonUniformScale = Math.abs(newScaleX - newScaleY) > 0.01;
+    resizeProps = nonUniformScale ? { scaleX: newScaleX, scaleY: newScaleY } : { scale: newScaleX };
+    scaleDraftEl = el;
+    // Where the user DROPPED the box: the draft (anchor-pinned to the
+    // gesture-start top-left) is still applied here, so this rect is exactly
+    // what the preview showed at release. The committed scale renders around
+    // the element CENTER instead — the finalize step below measures that
+    // difference and compensates, so release matches the drop pixel-for-pixel
+    // regardless of live scale or repeat resizes.
+    if (el) {
+      const dropRect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
+      scaleDraftDropPoint = { x: dropRect.x, y: dropRect.y };
+    }
+  } else {
+    resizeProps = {
+      width: Math.round(size.width),
+      height: Math.round(size.height),
+    };
+  }
+  // Finalize a scale-route commit: tear down the gesture's inline width/height
+  // draft (leaving it applied compounds with the committed scale — the element
+  // jumps past the dragged size), then MEASURE where the committed scale
+  // actually rendered the box and shift the position hold by the residual so
+  // it lands back on the drop point. The compensation only applies to a STATIC
+  // position (a `tl.set` hold or none) — a keyframed position path has no
+  // single anchor to preserve, so it keeps the plain center-scale behavior.
+  // The size route commits the same width/height channels the draft wrote, so
+  // it needs none of this.
+  // ponytail: for a 3D-rotated element the rects are AABBs, so the anchor is
+  // approximate rather than corner-exact.
+  // fallow-ignore-next-line complexity
+  const finalizeScaleResizeCommit = async () => {
+    if (!scaleDraftEl) return;
+    clearStudioBoxSize(scaleDraftEl);
+    if (!scaleDraftDropPoint || !selector) return;
+    const hasLivePositionTween = hasNonHoldTweenForElement(
+      iframe,
+      selector,
+      undefined,
+      POSITION_CHANNELS,
+    );
+    if (hasLivePositionTween) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // The scale commit has rendered (instant patch or soft-reload seek) and the
+    // draft is cleared — this rect is where the element ACTUALLY sits now.
+    const post = scaleDraftEl.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const residual = { x: scaleDraftDropPoint.x - post.x, y: scaleDraftDropPoint.y - post.y };
+    if (!Number.isFinite(residual.x) || !Number.isFinite(residual.y)) return;
+    if (Math.abs(residual.x) < 0.5 && Math.abs(residual.y) < 0.5) return;
+    const gsapPos = readGsapPositionFromIframe(iframe, selector) ?? { x: 0, y: 0 };
+    // The ONE corrected position — rounded once so the live runtime and the
+    // persisted file agree exactly (commitStaticGsapPosition composes the same
+    // rounded value from this delta).
+    const corrected = {
+      x: Math.round(gsapPos.x + residual.x),
+      y: Math.round(gsapPos.y + residual.y),
+    };
+    // Correct the LIVE runtime NOW, synchronously: the soft reload above just
+    // rendered the committed scale around the element center — NOT at the drop
+    // point — and everything up to here runs in the same microtask chain as
+    // that reload, so no frame has painted the uncorrected position yet. The
+    // server persist below costs network round-trips; without this set, the
+    // element visibly sits at the wrong spot for those frames (the drop
+    // "jump"). The persisted commit re-applies the same values (idempotent).
+    setElementGsapPosition(scaleDraftEl, corrected.x, corrected.y);
+    // Re-fetch: the scale commit above just rewrote the script, so the caller's
+    // animation list (and its ids) may be stale for the position lookup.
+    const currentAnimations = fetchFallbackAnimations
+      ? await fetchFallbackAnimations()
+      : (resolved?.animations ?? animations);
+    const existingSet = findExistingPositionWrite(currentAnimations, selector);
+    // Delta chosen so the drag-path math composes back to exactly `corrected`
+    // (no drag scratch attrs exist during a resize, so base = gsapPos).
+    await commitStaticGsapPosition(
+      selection,
+      { x: corrected.x - gsapPos.x, y: corrected.y - gsapPos.y },
+      gsapPos,
+      selector,
+      existingSet,
+      {
+        commitMutation,
+        fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations,
+      },
+    );
+  };
+
+  // With auto-keyframe off (#1808), `anim` is already a real (non-"set")
+  // tween for this resize group, so nudge it as a whole rather than adding a
+  // keyframe at the playhead.
+  if (!usePlayerStore.getState().autoKeyframeEnabled) {
+    if (activeKeyframePct != null) setActiveKeyframePct(null);
+    await commitWholePropertyOffset(
+      selection,
+      anim,
+      resizeProps,
+      pct,
+      iframe,
+      { commitMutation, fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations },
+      "Resize animation",
+    );
+    await finalizeScaleResizeCommit();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const ct = usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime;
+  const ts = resolveTweenStart(anim);
+  const td = resolveTweenDuration(anim);
+  const outsideRange = ts !== null && td > 0 && (ct < ts - 0.01 || ct > ts + td + 0.01); // Convert flat tweens to keyframes only for in-range resizes.
+  // Outside-range uses the extend path which handles everything atomically.
+  if (!outsideRange) {
+    // fallow-ignore-next-line code-duplication
+    if (anim.hasUnresolvedKeyframes || anim.hasUnresolvedSelector) {
+      const newId = await materializeIfDynamic(anim, iframe, commitMutation, selection);
+      if (newId) anim = { ...anim, id: newId };
+    } else if (!anim.keyframes) {
+      const resolvedFromValues = selector
+        ? readAllAnimatedProperties(iframe, selector, anim, resizeGroup)
+        : undefined;
+      await commitMutation(
+        selection,
+        { type: "convert-to-keyframes", animationId: anim.id, resolvedFromValues },
+        { label: "Convert to keyframes for resize", skipReload: true, coalesceKey },
+      );
+      if (fetchFallbackAnimations) {
+        const fresh = await fetchFallbackAnimations();
+        const refreshed = fresh.find(
+          (a) => a.targetSelector === anim!.targetSelector && a.keyframes,
+        );
+        if (refreshed) anim = refreshed;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // A NON-uniform scale must also take the full-rewrite path: it mixes
+  // scaleX/scaleY into a tween whose existing keyframes may carry the uniform
+  // `scale` shorthand, and GSAP's percentage keyframes animate each property
+  // name independently — a shorthand/longhand mix would leave the old `scale`
+  // sub-tween running against the new scaleX/scaleY. The rewrite below
+  // normalizes every keyframe to the longhands. For an in-range resize the
+  // min/max window math below degenerates to the tween's own start/duration,
+  // so timing is unchanged.
+  if ((outsideRange || nonUniformScale) && ts !== null) {
+    // For flat tweens, synthesize the keyframes from the tween's properties
+    const kfs =
+      anim.keyframes?.keyframes ??
+      (() => {
+        const fromProps =
+          anim.method === "from" || anim.method === "fromTo"
+            ? { ...anim.properties }
+            : synthesizeIdentityProps(anim.properties);
+        const toProps =
+          anim.method === "from"
+            ? synthesizeIdentityProps(anim.properties)
+            : { ...anim.properties };
+        return [
+          { percentage: 0, properties: fromProps },
+          { percentage: 100, properties: toProps },
+        ];
+      })();
+    const newStart = Math.min(ct, ts);
+    const newEnd = Math.max(ct, ts + td);
+    const newDuration = Math.max(0.01, newEnd - newStart);
+    const existingKfs = kfs;
+    const remapped: Array<{ percentage: number; properties: Record<string, number | string> }> = [];
+    for (const kf of existingKfs) {
+      const absTime = ts + (kf.percentage / 100) * td;
+      const newPct = Math.round(((absTime - newStart) / newDuration) * 1000) / 10;
+      const props = { ...kf.properties };
+      // Normalize the uniform `scale` shorthand to longhands when this commit
+      // writes scaleX/scaleY, so the tween never mixes the two forms.
+      if (nonUniformScale && "scale" in props) {
+        const uniform = props.scale;
+        if (typeof uniform === "number") {
+          props.scaleX = uniform;
+          props.scaleY = uniform;
+        }
+        delete props.scale;
+      }
+      // Only backfill properties that the animation already had (x, y, scale).
+      // Don't backfill width/height — they should only appear on the resize keyframe.
+      for (const k of Object.keys(resizeProps)) {
+        if (k in props) continue;
+        if (k === "width" || k === "height") continue;
+        props[k] = IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS.has(k) ? 1 : 0;
+      }
+      remapped.push({ percentage: newPct, properties: props });
+    }
+    const targetPct = Math.round(((ct - newStart) / newDuration) * 1000) / 10;
+    // An in-range rewrite can land on an existing keyframe's percentage —
+    // merge into it instead of emitting a duplicate step.
+    const collidingKf = remapped.find((kf) => Math.abs(kf.percentage - targetPct) < 0.05);
+    if (collidingKf) Object.assign(collidingKf.properties, resizeProps);
+    else remapped.push({ percentage: targetPct, properties: resizeProps });
+    remapped.sort((a, b) => a.percentage - b.percentage);
+
+    await commitMutation(
+      selection,
+      {
+        type: "replace-with-keyframes",
+        animationId: anim.id,
+        targetSelector: anim.targetSelector,
+        position: roundTo3(newStart),
+        duration: roundTo3(newDuration),
+        keyframes: remapped,
+      },
+      {
+        label: outsideRange
+          ? `Resize (extended to ${ct.toFixed(2)}s)`
+          : `Resize (keyframe ${Math.round(((ct - newStart) / newDuration) * 1000) / 10}%)`,
+        softReload: true,
+        coalesceKey,
+      },
+    );
+    await finalizeScaleResizeCommit();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  const SIZE_PROPS = new Set(["width", "height"]);
+  const backfillDefaults: Record<string, number> = {};
+  for (const k of Object.keys(runtimeProps)) {
+    if (SIZE_PROPS.has(k)) continue;
+    backfillDefaults[k] = IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS.has(k) ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  await commitMutation(
+    selection,
+    {
+      type: "add-keyframe",
+      animationId: anim.id,
+      percentage: pct,
+      properties: resizeProps,
+      backfillDefaults,
+    },
+    { label: `Resize (keyframe ${pct}%)`, softReload: true, coalesceKey },
+  );
+  await finalizeScaleResizeCommit();
+  return true;
+}
+
+// ── Rotation intercept ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeBridge.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeBridge.ts
index e328d5205..601532300 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeBridge.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeBridge.ts
@@ -17,17 +17,14 @@ import { commitGsapPositionFromDrag } from "./gsapDragPositionCommit";
 import {
   commitStaticGsapPosition,
   commitStaticGsapRotation,
-  commitStaticGsapSize,
-  commitKeyframedSizeFromResize,
   commitWholePathOffset,
   computeCurrentPercentage,
   findExistingPositionWrite,
   findRotationSetAnimation,
-  findSizeSetAnimation,
   materializeIfDynamic,
 } from "./gsapDragCommit";
 import { commitWholePropertyOffset } from "./gsapWholePropertyOffsetCommit";
-import { resolveTweenStart, resolveTweenDuration } from "../utils/globalTimeCompiler";
+import { resolveTweenDuration } from "../utils/globalTimeCompiler";
 import type { GsapDragCommitCallbacks } from "./gsapDragCommit";
 import { selectorFromSelection } from "./gsapShared";
 import {
@@ -36,12 +33,11 @@ import {
   readGsapPositionFromIframe,
 } from "./gsapPositionDetection";
 import { hasNonHoldTweenForElement } from "./gsapRuntimeKeyframes";
-import { roundTo3 } from "../utils/rounding";
 
 // Position channels — used to scope the "has a live position tween?" check so a
 // sibling rotation/scale animation never forces a static position hold into the
 // keyframe branch (which corrupts it into a frozen duration-0 keyframed tween).
-const POSITION_CHANNELS = [
+export const POSITION_CHANNELS = [
   "x",
   "y",
   "xPercent",
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@ const POSITION_CHANNELS = [
  *    re-fetch, then return the group tween
  * 3. null — caller must handle the missing-tween case
  */
-async function resolveGroupTween(
+export async function resolveGroupTween(
   group: PropertyGroupName,
   animations: GsapAnimation[],
   selection: DomEditSelection,
@@ -264,224 +260,6 @@ export { readGsapProperty, readAllAnimatedProperties };
 
 // ── Identity-prop synthesis ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-const IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS = new Set(["opacity", "autoAlpha", "scale", "scaleX", "scaleY"]);
-
-/** Build identity (zero / one) values for each property in `source`. */
-function synthesizeIdentityProps(
-  source: Record<string, number | string>,
-): Record<string, number | string> {
-  const id: Record<string, number | string> = {};
-  for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(source)) {
-    if (typeof v === "number") id[k] = IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS.has(k) ? 1 : 0;
-    else id[k] = v;
-  }
-  return id;
-}
-
-// ── Resize intercept ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-export async function tryGsapResizeIntercept(
-  selection: DomEditSelection,
-  size: { width: number; height: number },
-  animations: GsapAnimation[],
-  iframe: HTMLIFrameElement | null,
-  commitMutation: GsapDragCommitCallbacks["commitMutation"],
-  fetchFallbackAnimations?: () => Promise<GsapAnimation[]>,
-): Promise<boolean> {
-  // If the element already has a scale-group tween, resize should modify scale
-  // (the user is resizing something whose visual size is driven by scale).
-  // Otherwise, use the size group (width/height).
-  const hasScaleGroup = animations.some((a) => a.propertyGroup === "scale");
-  const resizeGroup: PropertyGroupName = hasScaleGroup ? "scale" : "size";
-  const resolved = await resolveGroupTween(
-    resizeGroup,
-    animations,
-    selection,
-    commitMutation,
-    fetchFallbackAnimations,
-  );
-
-  let anim = resolved?.anim ?? null;
-  if (!anim || anim.method === "set") {
-    const sel = selectorFromSelection(selection);
-    if (!sel) return false;
-    const sizeSet = anim?.method === "set" ? anim : findSizeSetAnimation(animations, sel);
-
-    // If the element is animated (has a real tween, not just a static size
-    // hold), keyframe the size at the playhead so other keyframes keep theirs —
-    // instead of a global set that resizes every frame.
-    if (resizeGroup === "size") {
-      const animatedTween = pickClosestToPlayhead(
-        animations.filter((a) => a.method !== "set" && resolveTweenDuration(a) > 0),
-      );
-      if (animatedTween) {
-        const handled = await commitKeyframedSizeFromResize(
-          selection,
-          size,
-          sel,
-          sizeSet,
-          animatedTween,
-          { commitMutation, fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations },
-        );
-        if (handled) return true;
-      }
-    }
-
-    await commitStaticGsapSize(selection, size, sel, sizeSet, {
-      commitMutation,
-      fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations,
-    });
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  const { activeKeyframePct, setActiveKeyframePct } = usePlayerStore.getState();
-  const pct = activeKeyframePct ?? computeCurrentPercentage(selection, anim);
-  if (activeKeyframePct != null) setActiveKeyframePct(null);
-  const coalesceKey = `gsap:resize:${anim.id}`;
-
-  const selector = selectorFromSelection(selection);
-  const runtimeProps = selector ? readAllAnimatedProperties(iframe, selector, anim) : {};
-
-  let resizeProps: Record<string, number>;
-  if (resizeGroup === "scale") {
-    const el = iframe?.contentDocument?.querySelector(selector ?? "") as HTMLElement | null;
-    // The resize draft modifies el.style.width, so read the ORIGINAL width
-    // saved by the draft system before it ran.
-    const origW = Number.parseFloat(el?.getAttribute("data-hf-studio-original-width") ?? "");
-    const cssW = Number.isFinite(origW) && origW > 0 ? origW : 200;
-    const newScale = roundTo3(size.width / cssW);
-    resizeProps = { scale: newScale };
-  } else {
-    resizeProps = {
-      width: Math.round(size.width),
-      height: Math.round(size.height),
-    };
-  }
-
-  // With auto-keyframe off (#1808), `anim` is already a real (non-"set")
-  // tween for this resize group, so nudge it as a whole rather than adding a
-  // keyframe at the playhead.
-  if (!usePlayerStore.getState().autoKeyframeEnabled) {
-    if (activeKeyframePct != null) setActiveKeyframePct(null);
-    await commitWholePropertyOffset(
-      selection,
-      anim,
-      resizeProps,
-      pct,
-      iframe,
-      { commitMutation, fetchAnimations: fetchFallbackAnimations },
-      "Resize animation",
-    );
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  const ct = usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime;
-  const ts = resolveTweenStart(anim);
-  const td = resolveTweenDuration(anim);
-  const outsideRange = ts !== null && td > 0 && (ct < ts - 0.01 || ct > ts + td + 0.01); // Convert flat tweens to keyframes only for in-range resizes.
-  // Outside-range uses the extend path which handles everything atomically.
-  if (!outsideRange) {
-    // fallow-ignore-next-line code-duplication
-    if (anim.hasUnresolvedKeyframes || anim.hasUnresolvedSelector) {
-      const newId = await materializeIfDynamic(anim, iframe, commitMutation, selection);
-      if (newId) anim = { ...anim, id: newId };
-    } else if (!anim.keyframes) {
-      const resolvedFromValues = selector
-        ? readAllAnimatedProperties(iframe, selector, anim)
-        : undefined;
-      await commitMutation(
-        selection,
-        { type: "convert-to-keyframes", animationId: anim.id, resolvedFromValues },
-        { label: "Convert to keyframes for resize", skipReload: true, coalesceKey },
-      );
-      if (fetchFallbackAnimations) {
-        const fresh = await fetchFallbackAnimations();
-        const refreshed = fresh.find(
-          (a) => a.targetSelector === anim!.targetSelector && a.keyframes,
-        );
-        if (refreshed) anim = refreshed;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (outsideRange && ts !== null) {
-    // For flat tweens, synthesize the keyframes from the tween's properties
-    const kfs =
-      anim.keyframes?.keyframes ??
-      (() => {
-        const fromProps =
-          anim.method === "from" || anim.method === "fromTo"
-            ? { ...anim.properties }
-            : synthesizeIdentityProps(anim.properties);
-        const toProps =
-          anim.method === "from"
-            ? synthesizeIdentityProps(anim.properties)
-            : { ...anim.properties };
-        return [
-          { percentage: 0, properties: fromProps },
-          { percentage: 100, properties: toProps },
-        ];
-      })();
-    const newStart = Math.min(ct, ts);
-    const newEnd = Math.max(ct, ts + td);
-    const newDuration = Math.max(0.01, newEnd - newStart);
-    const existingKfs = kfs;
-    const remapped: Array<{ percentage: number; properties: Record<string, number | string> }> = [];
-    for (const kf of existingKfs) {
-      const absTime = ts + (kf.percentage / 100) * td;
-      const newPct = Math.round(((absTime - newStart) / newDuration) * 1000) / 10;
-      const props = { ...kf.properties };
-      // Only backfill properties that the animation already had (x, y, scale).
-      // Don't backfill width/height — they should only appear on the resize keyframe.
-      for (const k of Object.keys(resizeProps)) {
-        if (k in props) continue;
-        if (k === "width" || k === "height") continue;
-        props[k] = IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS.has(k) ? 1 : 0;
-      }
-      remapped.push({ percentage: newPct, properties: props });
-    }
-    const targetPct = Math.round(((ct - newStart) / newDuration) * 1000) / 10;
-    remapped.push({ percentage: targetPct, properties: resizeProps });
-    remapped.sort((a, b) => a.percentage - b.percentage);
-
-    await commitMutation(
-      selection,
-      {
-        type: "replace-with-keyframes",
-        animationId: anim.id,
-        targetSelector: anim.targetSelector,
-        position: roundTo3(newStart),
-        duration: roundTo3(newDuration),
-        keyframes: remapped,
-      },
-      { label: `Resize (extended to ${ct.toFixed(2)}s)`, softReload: true, coalesceKey },
-    );
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  const SIZE_PROPS = new Set(["width", "height"]);
-  const backfillDefaults: Record<string, number> = {};
-  for (const k of Object.keys(runtimeProps)) {
-    if (SIZE_PROPS.has(k)) continue;
-    backfillDefaults[k] = IDENTITY_ONE_PROPS.has(k) ? 1 : 0;
-  }
-
-  await commitMutation(
-    selection,
-    {
-      type: "add-keyframe",
-      animationId: anim.id,
-      percentage: pct,
-      properties: resizeProps,
-      backfillDefaults,
-    },
-    { label: `Resize (keyframe ${pct}%)`, softReload: true, coalesceKey },
-  );
-  return true;
-}
-
-// ── Rotation intercept ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
 export async function tryGsapRotationIntercept(
   selection: DomEditSelection,
   angle: number,
@@ -517,7 +295,6 @@ export async function tryGsapRotationIntercept(
   // pointer sweep) or the inspector — so it IS the new rotation. No base re-add: the
   // gesture's live preview already gsap.set this value (single source of truth).
   const newRotation = Math.round(angle);
-
   // STATIC case (single source of truth = GSAP timeline): no rotation tween, so the
   // angle belongs in a `tl.set("#el",{rotation})`, not a keyframe conversion —
   // mirroring the static position set. Idempotent: re-rotate updates an existing
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.test.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.test.ts
index bf999f9c8..1a17f7e06 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.test.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.test.ts
@@ -133,6 +133,69 @@ describe("patchRuntimeTweenInPlace — set tweens", () => {
   });
 });
 
+describe("patchRuntimeTweenInPlace — authored-opacity capture guard", () => {
+  function makeStampedEl(id: string, stamped: string | null, inlineOpacity: string) {
+    const style = new Map<string, string>([["opacity", inlineOpacity]]);
+    return {
+      el: {
+        id,
+        style: {
+          setProperty: (k: string, v: string) => void style.set(k, v),
+          removeProperty: (k: string) => void style.delete(k),
+        },
+        getAttribute: (name: string) => (name === "data-hf-authored-opacity" ? stamped : null),
+      },
+      style,
+    };
+  }
+
+  it("restores the stamped authored opacity before an opacity-touching patch", () => {
+    // Runtime transient (grading hide / mid-flight tween) baked into inline style.
+    const { el, style } = makeStampedEl("box", "0.75", "0");
+    const setTween = makeTween(
+      { vars: { opacity: 0.2, duration: 0 }, targetIds: ["box"], duration: 0 },
+      el,
+    );
+    const { iframe } = fakeIframe(el, [setTween]);
+
+    const ok = patchRuntimeTweenInPlace(iframe, "#box", {
+      kind: "set",
+      props: { opacity: 0.5 },
+    });
+
+    expect(ok).toBe(true);
+    // The re-init must capture the authored 0.75, not the transient 0.
+    expect(style.get("opacity")).toBe("0.75");
+    expect(setTween.vars.opacity).toBe(0.5);
+  });
+
+  it("removes inline opacity when the stamp recorded no authored value", () => {
+    const { el, style } = makeStampedEl("box", "", "0");
+    const setTween = makeTween(
+      { vars: { opacity: 0.2, duration: 0 }, targetIds: ["box"], duration: 0 },
+      el,
+    );
+    const { iframe } = fakeIframe(el, [setTween]);
+
+    patchRuntimeTweenInPlace(iframe, "#box", { kind: "set", props: { opacity: 0.5 } });
+
+    expect(style.has("opacity")).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("leaves inline opacity alone for a position-only patch", () => {
+    const { el, style } = makeStampedEl("box", "0.75", "0");
+    const setTween = makeTween(
+      { vars: { x: 0, y: 0, duration: 0 }, targetIds: ["box"], duration: 0 },
+      el,
+    );
+    const { iframe } = fakeIframe(el, [setTween]);
+
+    patchRuntimeTweenInPlace(iframe, "#box", { kind: "set", props: { x: 10, y: 20 } });
+
+    expect(style.get("opacity")).toBe("0");
+  });
+});
+
 describe("patchRuntimeTweenInPlace — channel-aware set resolution", () => {
   it("patches the {x,y} set, not a co-located rotation-only set", () => {
     const el = { id: "dual" };
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.ts
index a95f248f9..de2c6480e 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimePatch.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  * "Which tween" is resolved by the same all-timelines scan `readRuntimeKeyframes`
  * uses (`resolveRuntimeTween`), so read and write agree on the target.
  */
+import { applyAuthoredInlineOpacity, readStampedAuthoredOpacity } from "../utils/authoredOpacity";
 import {
   resolveRuntimeTween,
   type RuntimeTween,
@@ -235,6 +236,34 @@ function seekToCurrent(iframe: HTMLIFrameElement, timeline: RuntimeTimeline): vo
   player?.seek?.(Number.isFinite(currentTime) ? currentTime : 0);
 }
 
+/** Does this change touch the opacity channel (whose re-init reads inline style)? */
+function changeTouchesOpacity(change: RuntimeTweenChange): boolean {
+  if (change.kind === "set" || change.kind === "global-set")
+    return change.props.opacity !== undefined;
+  if (change.kind === "keyframes") return change.keyframes.some((step) => "opacity" in step);
+  return "opacity" in change.props;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A tween re-initialization (invalidate, or kill+recreate for keyframe-rebuild)
+ * captures opacity from the element's CURRENT inline style — for a color-graded
+ * source (hidden with `opacity: 0 !important`) or a mid-flight tween that's a
+ * runtime transient, not the authored value, and the capture makes it permanent.
+ * Restore the runtime's parse-time authored capture (data-hf-authored-opacity)
+ * first; the re-seek after the patch re-renders the animated value anyway.
+ * Duck-typed (no instanceof): the targets live in the preview iframe's realm.
+ */
+function restoreAuthoredOpacityForCapture(tween: RuntimeTween): void {
+  const targets = typeof tween.targets === "function" ? tween.targets() : [];
+  for (const target of targets ?? []) {
+    const el = target as HTMLElement | null;
+    if (!el?.style || typeof el.getAttribute !== "function") continue;
+    const authored = readStampedAuthoredOpacity(el);
+    if (authored === null) continue;
+    applyAuthoredInlineOpacity(el.style, authored);
+  }
+}
+
 /** Apply `change` to the resolved tween. `true` if applied, `false` to soft-reload.
  *  `global-set` is handled before this (no tween) and never reaches here. */
 function applyChange(tween: RuntimeTween, change: RuntimeTweenChange): boolean {
@@ -270,13 +299,18 @@ export function patchRuntimeTweenInPlace(
     if (!resolved) return false;
     const { tween, timeline } = resolved;
 
+    if (changeTouchesOpacity(change)) restoreAuthoredOpacityForCapture(tween);
     if (!applyChange(tween, change)) return false;
 
     // A rebuild already recreated the tween; set/keyframes mutate vars in place, so
     // invalidate to make GSAP re-read them on the next render. Either way, re-seek.
+    // Invalidate ONLY the edited tween — never the whole timeline. A timeline-wide
+    // invalidate re-initializes every from() tween against the CURRENT inline
+    // styles, and the color-grading engine hides its source elements with
+    // `opacity: 0 !important` — so every graded element's from(opacity) re-captures
+    // 0 as its end value and animates 0→0 forever (all graded elements vanish).
     if (change.kind !== "keyframe-rebuild") {
       tween.invalidate?.();
-      timeline.invalidate?.();
     }
     seekToCurrent(iframe, timeline);
     return true;
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.test.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b65f59237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// @vitest-environment jsdom
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import type { GsapAnimation } from "@hyperframes/core/gsap-parser";
+import {
+  COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR,
+  HF_COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_ID_PREFIX,
+} from "@hyperframes/core/color-grading";
+import { readAllAnimatedProperties, readGsapProperty } from "./gsapRuntimeReaders";
+
+/**
+ * Regression: converting a property-group tween to keyframes resolves "current
+ * values" via readAllAnimatedProperties. Two ways that used to bake garbage
+ * into the composition file:
+ *
+ * 1. The group filter only pruned the tween's OWN properties — the baseline
+ *    pass still captured every property ANY tween on the element touches, so
+ *    a rotation commit carried `opacity` from the intro from() tween.
+ * 2. `gsap.getProperty(el, "opacity")` on a color-grading source reads the
+ *    runtime hide (inline `opacity: 0 !important`), not the animated value —
+ *    so the captured opacity was the transient 0, which then animated 0 → 0
+ *    on the next full load and the element disappeared.
+ */
+
+function fakeIframe(
+  el: Element,
+  opts: { gsapValues: Record<string, number>; otherTweenVars?: Record<string, number> },
+): HTMLIFrameElement {
+  const children = opts.otherTweenVars
+    ? [{ targets: () => [el], vars: { duration: 0.8, ...opts.otherTweenVars } }]
+    : [];
+  return {
+    contentWindow: {
+      __timelines: { main: { getChildren: () => children } },
+      gsap: { getProperty: (_el: Element, prop: string) => opts.gsapValues[prop] ?? 0 },
+    },
+    contentDocument: document,
+  } as unknown as HTMLIFrameElement;
+}
+
+function rotationSetAnim(): GsapAnimation {
+  return {
+    id: "#clip-set-0-rotation",
+    targetSelector: "#clip",
+    method: "set",
+    properties: { rotation: 0 },
+  } as unknown as GsapAnimation;
+}
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  document.body.innerHTML = "";
+});
+
+describe("readAllAnimatedProperties group filter", () => {
+  it("keeps other tweens' out-of-group properties out of a grouped resolve", () => {
+    const el = document.createElement("div");
+    el.id = "clip";
+    document.body.appendChild(el);
+    const iframe = fakeIframe(el, {
+      gsapValues: { rotation: -28.1, opacity: 0, rotationX: 52, rotationY: -47 },
+      otherTweenVars: { opacity: 0, rotationX: 52, rotationY: -47 },
+    });
+
+    const result = readAllAnimatedProperties(iframe, "#clip", rotationSetAnim(), "rotation");
+
+    expect(result).toEqual({ rotation: -28.1 });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("color-grading opacity truth", () => {
+  function gradedElement(): HTMLElement {
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.id = "clip";
+    el.setAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR, "");
+    const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+    canvas.id = `${HF_COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_ID_PREFIX}clip`;
+    canvas.style.opacity = "0.98";
+    document.body.append(el, canvas);
+    return el;
+  }
+
+  it("resolves opacity from the grading canvas, not the runtime hide", () => {
+    const el = gradedElement();
+    const iframe = fakeIframe(el, { gsapValues: { opacity: 0 } });
+    const anim = {
+      id: "#clip-from-200-visual",
+      targetSelector: "#clip",
+      method: "from",
+      properties: { opacity: 0.5 },
+    } as unknown as GsapAnimation;
+
+    const result = readAllAnimatedProperties(iframe, "#clip", anim);
+
+    expect(result.opacity).toBe(0.98);
+  });
+
+  it("readGsapProperty takes the same detour", () => {
+    const el = gradedElement();
+    const iframe = fakeIframe(el, { gsapValues: { opacity: 0 } });
+
+    expect(readGsapProperty(iframe, "#clip", "opacity")).toBe(0.98);
+  });
+
+  it("reads GSAP directly when the source is not grading-hidden", () => {
+    const el = document.createElement("div");
+    el.id = "clip";
+    document.body.appendChild(el);
+    const iframe = fakeIframe(el, { gsapValues: { opacity: 0.3 } });
+
+    expect(readGsapProperty(iframe, "#clip", "opacity")).toBe(0.3);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.ts
index 966a1b850..48d2ed3ff 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/gsapRuntimeReaders.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,33 @@
  */
 import type { GsapAnimation } from "@hyperframes/core/gsap-parser";
 import { classifyPropertyGroup, type PropertyGroupName } from "@hyperframes/core/gsap-parser";
-import { getIframeGsap, queryIframeElement } from "./gsapShared";
+import {
+  COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR,
+  HF_COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_ID_PREFIX,
+} from "@hyperframes/core/color-grading";
+import { getIframeGsap, queryIframeElement, type IframeGsap } from "./gsapShared";
 import { roundTo3 } from "../utils/rounding";
 
+/**
+ * The element's live value for `prop` as GSAP drives it. Opacity on a
+ * color-grading-hidden source needs a detour: the runtime hides the source
+ * with inline `opacity: 0 !important`, so computed opacity is the hide, not
+ * the animated value. The grading canvas mirrors the source's effective
+ * opacity every frame, so it is the truth for that one property — reading the
+ * raw 0 here is what bakes `opacity: 0` into committed keyframes.
+ */
+function readLiveGsapValue(gsap: IframeGsap, el: Element, prop: string): number {
+  if (prop === "opacity" && el.getAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR) != null && el.id) {
+    const canvas = el.ownerDocument.getElementById(HF_COLOR_GRADING_CANVAS_ID_PREFIX + el.id);
+    const win = el.ownerDocument.defaultView;
+    if (canvas && win) {
+      const val = Number(win.getComputedStyle(canvas).opacity);
+      if (Number.isFinite(val)) return val;
+    }
+  }
+  return Number(gsap.getProperty(el, prop));
+}
+
 export function readGsapProperty(
   iframe: HTMLIFrameElement | null,
   selector: string | null,
@@ -17,7 +41,7 @@ export function readGsapProperty(
   const el = queryIframeElement(iframe, selector);
   if (!el) return null;
   try {
-    const val = Number(gsap.getProperty(el, prop));
+    const val = readLiveGsapValue(gsap, el, prop);
     if (!Number.isFinite(val)) return null;
     return POSITION_PROPS.has(prop) ? Math.round(val) : roundTo3(val);
   } catch {
@@ -77,15 +101,15 @@ export function readAllAnimatedProperties(
     for (const p of Object.keys(anim.properties)) propKeys.add(p);
   }
 
-  // When a group filter is specified, only keep properties belonging to that group.
-  if (group) {
-    for (const p of propKeys) {
-      if (classifyPropertyGroup(p) !== group) propKeys.delete(p);
-    }
-  }
+  // When a group filter is specified, only properties belonging to that group
+  // may enter the result — including the baseline passes below. The whole
+  // point of property-group tweens is that a rotation commit never carries
+  // opacity/rotationX/etc. captured from unrelated tweens on the element.
+  const inGroup = (p: string) => !group || classifyPropertyGroup(p) === group;
+  const groupedPropKeys = new Set([...propKeys].filter(inGroup));
 
-  for (const prop of propKeys) {
-    const val = Number(gsap.getProperty(el, prop));
+  for (const prop of groupedPropKeys) {
+    const val = readLiveGsapValue(gsap, el, prop);
     if (Number.isFinite(val)) {
       result[prop] = POSITION_PROPS.has(prop) ? Math.round(val) : roundTo3(val);
     }
@@ -110,13 +134,13 @@ export function readAllAnimatedProperties(
           const vars = child.vars;
           if (!vars) continue;
           for (const k of Object.keys(vars)) {
-            if (!GSAP_CONFIG_KEYS.has(k)) otherTweenProps.add(k);
+            if (!GSAP_CONFIG_KEYS.has(k) && inGroup(k)) otherTweenProps.add(k);
           }
         }
       }
     }
   } catch {}
-  for (const p of propKeys) otherTweenProps.delete(p);
+  for (const p of groupedPropKeys) otherTweenProps.delete(p);
 
   // Tier 1: Transform + visual properties with universal CSS defaults.
   // Safe to compare against hardcoded values — these are always 0 or 1
@@ -148,11 +172,11 @@ export function readAllAnimatedProperties(
   // Collect all properties that ANY tween on this element explicitly targets.
   // Only capture baseline values for these — GSAP reports non-default values
   // (scaleZ=0, brightness=0) for untouched properties, polluting keyframes.
-  const allTweenedProps = new Set([...propKeys, ...otherTweenProps]);
+  const allTweenedProps = new Set([...groupedPropKeys, ...otherTweenProps]);
   for (const [prop, defaultVal] of Object.entries(UNIVERSAL_BASELINE)) {
     if (prop in result) continue;
     if (!allTweenedProps.has(prop)) continue;
-    const val = Number(gsap.getProperty(el, prop));
+    const val = readLiveGsapValue(gsap, el, prop);
     if (Number.isFinite(val) && Math.round(val * 1000) !== Math.round(defaultVal * 1000)) {
       result[prop] = roundTo3(val);
     }
@@ -184,6 +208,7 @@ export function readAllAnimatedProperties(
   } catch {}
   for (const prop of COMPUTED_BASELINE) {
     if (prop in result) continue;
+    if (!inGroup(prop)) continue;
     if (otherTweenProps.has(prop)) continue;
     const gsapVal = Number(gsap.getProperty(el, prop));
     if (!Number.isFinite(gsapVal)) continue;
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.test.tsx b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.test.tsx
index 038e03d21..f5eeed3d3 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.test.tsx
@@ -39,15 +39,16 @@ type Commit = (
 ) => Promise<void>;
 
 /** Renders the hook and hands its commit function to the caller via a ref callback. */
-function renderCommitHook(
-  mutations: Array<Record<string, unknown>>,
+function renderHookWith(
+  animations: GsapAnimation[],
+  onMutation: (mutation: Record<string, unknown>, label: string) => void,
   onReady: (commit: Commit) => void,
 ) {
   function Harness() {
     const { commitAnimatedProperties } = useAnimatedPropertyCommit({
-      selectedGsapAnimations: [keyframedAnim],
-      gsapCommitMutation: async (_sel, mutation) => {
-        mutations.push(mutation);
+      selectedGsapAnimations: animations,
+      gsapCommitMutation: async (_sel, mutation, options) => {
+        onMutation(mutation, options.label);
       },
       addGsapAnimation: vi.fn(),
       convertToKeyframes: vi.fn(),
@@ -66,6 +67,13 @@ function renderCommitHook(
   return root;
 }
 
+function renderCommitHook(
+  mutations: Array<Record<string, unknown>>,
+  onReady: (commit: Commit) => void,
+) {
+  return renderHookWith([keyframedAnim], (mutation) => mutations.push(mutation), onReady);
+}
+
 // Regression (#1808): a "3D transform" / design-panel property edit on an
 // element that already has a keyframed tween is the ACTUAL path a manual
 // canvas nudge exercises (not the raw drag intercept) — with auto-keyframe
@@ -103,3 +111,56 @@ describe("useAnimatedPropertyCommit — autoKeyframeEnabled toggle (#1808)", ()
     act(() => root.unmount());
   });
 });
+
+// Regression: commitStaticSet picked the FIRST `set` for the selector with no
+// group check — a panel W edit on a static element merged `width` into the
+// POSITION set (`tl.set("#el",{x,y,width})`), a mixed-group set the split
+// machinery exists to prevent, labeled "Set 3D transform" in undo history.
+describe("commitStaticSet group routing", () => {
+  const positionSet = {
+    id: "#box-set-0-position",
+    targetSelector: "#box",
+    propertyGroup: "position",
+    method: "set",
+    properties: { x: 10, y: 20 },
+  } as unknown as GsapAnimation;
+
+  function renderStaticHook(
+    committed: Array<{ mutation: Record<string, unknown>; label: string }>,
+    onReady: (commit: Commit) => void,
+  ) {
+    return renderHookWith(
+      [positionSet],
+      (mutation, label) => committed.push({ mutation, label }),
+      onReady,
+    );
+  }
+
+  it("width edit creates a size set instead of contaminating the position set", async () => {
+    const committed: Array<{ mutation: Record<string, unknown>; label: string }> = [];
+    let commit!: Commit;
+    renderStaticHook(committed, (c) => (commit = c));
+    await act(async () => {
+      await commit(selection, { width: 500 });
+    });
+    const updates = committed.filter((c) => c.mutation.type === "update-properties");
+    expect(updates).toHaveLength(0);
+    const adds = committed.filter((c) => c.mutation.type === "add");
+    expect(adds).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(adds[0]!.mutation.properties).toEqual({ width: 500 });
+    expect(adds[0]!.label).toBe("Resize layer");
+  });
+
+  it("x edit updates the position set with a Move label", async () => {
+    const committed: Array<{ mutation: Record<string, unknown>; label: string }> = [];
+    let commit!: Commit;
+    renderStaticHook(committed, (c) => (commit = c));
+    await act(async () => {
+      await commit(selection, { x: 400 });
+    });
+    const update = committed.find((c) => c.mutation.type === "update-properties");
+    expect(update).toBeDefined();
+    expect(update!.mutation.animationId).toBe("#box-set-0-position");
+    expect(update!.label).toBe("Move layer");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.ts
index a6ea2e308..e1cd37b96 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useAnimatedPropertyCommit.ts
@@ -103,6 +103,22 @@ async function maybeAutoKeyframeSet(
 
 type Commit = NonNullable<CommitAnimatedPropertyDeps["gsapCommitMutation"]>;
 
+/** Undo-history label for a static-set commit, from the group it writes. */
+const STATIC_SET_LABELS: Partial<Record<ReturnType<typeof classifyPropertyGroup>, string>> = {
+  position: "Move layer",
+  scale: "Resize layer",
+  size: "Resize layer",
+  rotation: "Rotate layer",
+  visual: "Set opacity",
+  other: "Set 3D transform",
+};
+
+function staticSetLabel(propEntries: [string, number | string][]): string {
+  const groups = new Set(propEntries.map(([k]) => classifyPropertyGroup(k)));
+  const only = groups.size === 1 ? [...groups][0] : undefined;
+  return (only && STATIC_SET_LABELS[only]) || "Set properties";
+}
+
 /** Merge ALL props into the static `set` in ONE commit (value-only, instant), then
  *  auto-keyframe. One mutation — a per-property loop would shift the set's
  *  group-derived id mid-way (e.g. reset adding `scale` to a rotation set), 404-ing
@@ -133,7 +149,11 @@ async function commitSetProps(
   await commit(
     selection,
     { type: "update-properties", animationId: setAnim.id, properties },
-    { label: "Set 3D transform", softReload: true, ...(instantPatch ? { instantPatch } : {}) },
+    {
+      label: staticSetLabel(propEntries),
+      softReload: true,
+      ...(instantPatch ? { instantPatch } : {}),
+    },
   );
   await maybeAutoKeyframeSet(selection, setAnim, animations, commit);
 }
@@ -152,22 +172,70 @@ async function commitStaticSet(
   commit: Commit,
 ): Promise<void> {
   if (!selector) return;
-  // Update an existing `set` in ONE batched commit — NEVER a flat `to`/`from`. A
-  // set's id is GROUP-derived, so a per-prop loop shifts it the instant a new-group
-  // prop lands (e.g. `scale` onto a rotation set), 404-ing the next prop; commitSetProps
-  // sends them together. A static element with no set gets a dedicated `set` carrying
-  // ALL props in ONE `add`.
-  const existingSet = animations.find((a) => a.method === "set" && a.targetSelector === selector);
-  if (existingSet) {
-    await commitSetProps(selection, existingSet, propEntries, selector, animations, commit);
-    return;
+  // One commit per PROPERTY GROUP, each into a set that owns that group — never a
+  // flat `to`/`from`, and never a foreign-group set (a width edit used to merge
+  // into the element's position set, producing a mixed set the split machinery
+  // exists to prevent). Within a group everything batches into ONE commit: a
+  // set's id is group-derived, so a per-prop loop would shift the id mid-way and
+  // 404 the next update.
+  const byGroup = new Map<string, [string, number | string][]>();
+  for (const entry of propEntries) {
+    const group = classifyPropertyGroup(entry[0]);
+    const batch = byGroup.get(group) ?? [];
+    batch.push(entry);
+    byGroup.set(group, batch);
   }
-  // Base `gsap.set` (off-timeline) — a static hold with no 0% keyframe marker, so
-  // adjusting a 3D transform on a non-keyframed element doesn't drop a keyframe on
-  // the timeline (matches the manual-drag UX). The global-set instant patch applies
-  // it straight to the element so the first edit shows with no soft-reload flash.
+  const sets = animations.filter((a) => a.method === "set" && a.targetSelector === selector);
+  // Resolve every group's target BEFORE committing anything, and coalesce
+  // groups that land on the SAME set into one commit: the `sets` snapshot is
+  // captured once, so if two groups resolved to one legacy mixed set, a first
+  // commit could re-shape it server-side and leave the second chasing a stale
+  // id (404 on legacy pre-split files).
+  const byTargetSet = new Map<GsapAnimation, [string, number | string][]>();
+  const newSetBatches: [string, number | string][][] = [];
+  for (const [group, batch] of byGroup) {
+    const existingSet = findGroupOwningSet(sets, group);
+    if (existingSet) {
+      byTargetSet.set(existingSet, [...(byTargetSet.get(existingSet) ?? []), ...batch]);
+    } else {
+      newSetBatches.push(batch);
+    }
+  }
+  for (const [targetSet, batch] of byTargetSet) {
+    await commitSetProps(selection, targetSet, batch, selector, animations, commit);
+  }
+  // Fresh adds don't reshape existing sets, so their ids can't go stale.
+  for (const batch of newSetBatches) {
+    await addGlobalStaticSet(selection, batch, selector, commit);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The set that owns a property group: one already dedicated to the group wins;
+ * else a mixed set that already carries a property of the group (merging
+ * same-group values there beats spawning a second writer for the channel).
+ */
+function findGroupOwningSet(sets: GsapAnimation[], group: string): GsapAnimation | undefined {
+  return (
+    sets.find((a) => a.propertyGroup === group) ??
+    sets.find((a) => Object.keys(a.properties).some((k) => classifyPropertyGroup(k) === group))
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Base `gsap.set` (off-timeline) — a static hold with no 0% keyframe marker, so
+ * adjusting a 3D transform on a non-keyframed element doesn't drop a keyframe on
+ * the timeline (matches the manual-drag UX). The global-set instant patch applies
+ * it straight to the element so the first edit shows with no soft-reload flash.
+ */
+async function addGlobalStaticSet(
+  selection: DomEditSelection,
+  batch: [string, number | string][],
+  selector: string,
+  commit: Commit,
+): Promise<void> {
   const numericProps: SetPatchProps = {};
-  for (const [k, v] of propEntries) {
+  for (const [k, v] of batch) {
     if (typeof v === "number") numericProps[k as keyof SetPatchProps] = v;
   }
   await commit(
@@ -177,11 +245,11 @@ async function commitStaticSet(
       targetSelector: selector,
       method: "set",
       position: 0,
-      properties: Object.fromEntries(propEntries),
+      properties: Object.fromEntries(batch),
       global: true,
     },
     {
-      label: "Set 3D transform",
+      label: staticSetLabel(batch),
       softReload: true,
       ...(Object.keys(numericProps).length > 0
         ? {
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapAwareEditing.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapAwareEditing.ts
index f695595a5..9e22897a1 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapAwareEditing.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapAwareEditing.ts
@@ -10,11 +10,8 @@
 import { useCallback } from "react";
 import type { GsapAnimation } from "@hyperframes/core/gsap-parser";
 import type { DomEditSelection } from "../components/editor/domEditingTypes";
-import {
-  tryGsapDragIntercept,
-  tryGsapResizeIntercept,
-  tryGsapRotationIntercept,
-} from "./gsapRuntimeBridge";
+import { tryGsapDragIntercept, tryGsapRotationIntercept } from "./gsapRuntimeBridge";
+import { tryGsapResizeIntercept } from "./gsapResizeIntercept";
 import { useAnimatedPropertyCommit } from "./useAnimatedPropertyCommit";
 import {
   useGsapSaveFailureTelemetry,
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.test.tsx b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.test.tsx
index ee192997f..2e867a4f4 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.test.tsx
@@ -38,6 +38,27 @@ function result(over: Partial<MutationResult> = {}): MutationResult {
   return { ok: true, scriptText: "tl.set('#a',{})", ...over };
 }
 
+/** The canonical drag commit options every path-decision test drives with. */
+function dragOptions() {
+  return {
+    label: "drag",
+    softReload: true,
+    instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set" as const, props: { x: 10 } } },
+  };
+}
+
+function syncDragPreview(res: MutationResult, reloadPreview: () => void) {
+  applyPreviewSync(FAKE_IFRAME, res, dragOptions(), reloadPreview);
+}
+
+function expectSoftReloadedWith(onAsyncFailure: unknown, authoredHtml: string | undefined) {
+  expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", {
+    onAsyncFailure,
+    currentTimeOverride: 0,
+    authoredHtml,
+  });
+}
+
 describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     patchRuntimeTweenInPlace.mockReset();
@@ -49,16 +70,7 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
     patchRuntimeTweenInPlace.mockReturnValue(true);
     const reloadPreview = vi.fn();
 
-    applyPreviewSync(
-      FAKE_IFRAME,
-      result(),
-      {
-        label: "drag",
-        softReload: true,
-        instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 10 } } },
-      },
-      reloadPreview,
-    );
+    syncDragPreview(result(), reloadPreview);
 
     expect(patchRuntimeTweenInPlace).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "#a", {
       kind: "set",
@@ -73,20 +85,11 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
     applySoftReload.mockReturnValue("applied");
     const reloadPreview = vi.fn();
 
-    applyPreviewSync(
-      FAKE_IFRAME,
-      result({ scriptText: "SCRIPT" }),
-      {
-        label: "drag",
-        softReload: true,
-        instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 10 } } },
-      },
-      reloadPreview,
-    );
+    syncDragPreview(result({ scriptText: "SCRIPT" }), reloadPreview);
 
     // reloadPreview is wired as onAsyncFailure (3rd arg) so a MotionPath-plugin
     // CDN load failure escalates to a full reload — but it is NOT called eagerly.
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(reloadPreview, undefined);
     expect(reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     // A successful instant patch is the fast path; here it missed → fallback event.
     expect(trackStudioEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
@@ -100,20 +103,11 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
     applySoftReload.mockReturnValue("verify-failed");
     const reloadPreview = vi.fn();
 
-    applyPreviewSync(
-      FAKE_IFRAME,
-      result({ scriptText: "SCRIPT" }),
-      {
-        label: "drag",
-        softReload: true,
-        instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 10 } } },
-      },
-      reloadPreview,
-    );
+    syncDragPreview(result({ scriptText: "SCRIPT" }), reloadPreview);
 
     // U4: "verify-failed" is the TRANSIENT empty-timeline window — the live state
     // is correct, so we must NOT escalate to a full reload.
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(reloadPreview, undefined);
     expect(reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     // Telemetry records the suppressed transient (escalated: false).
     expect(trackStudioEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
@@ -131,19 +125,10 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
     applySoftReload.mockReturnValue("cannot-soft-reload");
     const reloadPreview = vi.fn();
 
-    applyPreviewSync(
-      FAKE_IFRAME,
-      result({ scriptText: "SCRIPT" }),
-      {
-        label: "drag",
-        softReload: true,
-        instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 10 } } },
-      },
-      reloadPreview,
-    );
+    syncDragPreview(result({ scriptText: "SCRIPT" }), reloadPreview);
 
     // Structural failure: the preview is genuinely stale/broken → full reload.
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(reloadPreview, undefined);
     expect(reloadPreview).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(trackStudioEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "gsap_soft_reload_outcome",
@@ -167,7 +152,7 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
     );
 
     expect(patchRuntimeTweenInPlace).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(reloadPreview, undefined);
     expect(reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     // "applied" emits no telemetry (only the failure paths do).
     expect(trackStudioEvent).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -185,7 +170,7 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
     );
 
     // onAsyncFailure is wired, but the transient result does not trigger it.
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(reloadPreview, undefined);
     expect(reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(trackStudioEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "gsap_soft_reload_outcome",
@@ -204,7 +189,7 @@ describe("applyPreviewSync", () => {
       reloadPreview,
     );
 
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(reloadPreview, undefined);
     expect(reloadPreview).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(trackStudioEvent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       "gsap_soft_reload_outcome",
@@ -291,6 +276,57 @@ function mockFetchResult(over: Partial<MutationResult> = {}): void {
 }
 
 describe("runCommit — instantPatch wiring", () => {
+  it("no-op commit with an instantPatch still patches the runtime (paired x/y commits)", async () => {
+    patchRuntimeTweenInPlace.mockReturnValue(true);
+    mockFetchResult({ changed: false });
+    const deps = renderCommitHook();
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await deps.api.commitMutation(
+        selection,
+        { type: "update-property", property: "y", value: 311 },
+        {
+          label: "Move layer",
+          softReload: true,
+          instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 485, y: 311 } } },
+        },
+      );
+    });
+
+    // The file already matched (changed:false) but the runtime patch deferred
+    // from the paired first commit must still land.
+    expect(patchRuntimeTweenInPlace).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "#a", {
+      kind: "set",
+      props: { x: 485, y: 311 },
+    });
+    expect(deps.reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it("no-op commit whose instant patch MISSES soft-reloads (never full-reloads)", async () => {
+    // Server contract: gsap-mutations returns scriptText on EVERY response,
+    // including changed:false — so the fallback re-runs the identical script
+    // ("applied") instead of escalating a genuine no-op to a full reload.
+    patchRuntimeTweenInPlace.mockReturnValue(false);
+    applySoftReload.mockReturnValue("applied");
+    mockFetchResult({ changed: false });
+    const deps = renderCommitHook();
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await deps.api.commitMutation(
+        selection,
+        { type: "update-property", property: "y", value: 311 },
+        {
+          label: "Move layer",
+          softReload: true,
+          instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 485, y: 311 } } },
+        },
+      );
+    });
+
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(deps.reloadPreview, "AFTER");
+    expect(deps.reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   beforeEach(() => {
     patchRuntimeTweenInPlace.mockReset();
     applySoftReload.mockReset();
@@ -308,15 +344,7 @@ describe("runCommit — instantPatch wiring", () => {
     const deps = renderCommitHook();
 
     await act(async () => {
-      await deps.api.commitMutation(
-        selection,
-        { x: 10 },
-        {
-          label: "drag",
-          softReload: true,
-          instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 10 } } },
-        },
-      );
+      await deps.api.commitMutation(selection, { x: 10 }, dragOptions());
     });
 
     expect(fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); // source mutation persisted
@@ -333,19 +361,11 @@ describe("runCommit — instantPatch wiring", () => {
     const deps = renderCommitHook();
 
     await act(async () => {
-      await deps.api.commitMutation(
-        selection,
-        { x: 10 },
-        {
-          label: "drag",
-          softReload: true,
-          instantPatch: { selector: "#a", change: { kind: "set", props: { x: 10 } } },
-        },
-      );
+      await deps.api.commitMutation(selection, { x: 10 }, dragOptions());
     });
 
     expect(fetch).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", deps.reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(deps.reloadPreview, "AFTER");
     expect(deps.reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     expect(deps.onCacheInvalidate).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
   });
@@ -360,7 +380,7 @@ describe("runCommit — instantPatch wiring", () => {
     });
 
     expect(patchRuntimeTweenInPlace).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-    expect(applySoftReload).toHaveBeenCalledWith(FAKE_IFRAME, "SCRIPT", deps.reloadPreview, 0);
+    expectSoftReloadedWith(deps.reloadPreview, "AFTER");
     expect(deps.reloadPreview).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.ts b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.ts
index e490f6ee5..cb088e347 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/hooks/useGsapScriptCommits.ts
@@ -66,12 +66,17 @@ function softReloadOrEscalate(
   scriptText: string,
   reloadPreview: () => void,
   origin: "preview_sync" | "sdk_refresh",
+  authoredHtml?: string,
 ): void {
   // Seek the rebuilt timeline to the studio's own authoritative scrub position,
   // not the iframe's raw `__player.getTime()` — see the comment in
   // applySoftReload for why the two can desync after a keyframe-node drag.
   const currentTime = usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime;
-  const result: SoftReloadResult = applySoftReload(iframe, scriptText, reloadPreview, currentTime);
+  const result: SoftReloadResult = applySoftReload(iframe, scriptText, {
+    onAsyncFailure: reloadPreview,
+    currentTimeOverride: currentTime,
+    authoredHtml,
+  });
   if (result === "applied") return;
   trackStudioEvent("gsap_soft_reload_outcome", {
     origin,
@@ -116,7 +121,13 @@ export function applyPreviewSync(
     // already correct on screen, and a remount re-flashes the WebGL context AND
     // re-inlines subcomps (reverting their keyframes). The async MotionPath-plugin
     // load failure escalates separately via `onAsyncFailure`.
-    softReloadOrEscalate(iframe, result.scriptText, reloadPreview, "preview_sync");
+    softReloadOrEscalate(
+      iframe,
+      result.scriptText,
+      reloadPreview,
+      "preview_sync",
+      result.after ?? undefined,
+    );
   } else {
     reloadPreview();
   }
@@ -149,7 +160,19 @@ export function useGsapScriptCommits({ projectIdRef, activeCompPath, previewIfra
       if (options.skipReload) return;
       throw error;
     }
-    if (result.changed === false) return;
+    if (result.changed === false) {
+      // The FILE already matched, but a deferred instant patch may still be
+      // owed to the RUNTIME: paired commits (x with skipReload, then y carrying
+      // the patch for both) rely on the SECOND commit to sync the preview — if
+      // that half happens to be a no-op (a purely-horizontal drag or resize
+      // compensation), returning here would leave the runtime showing the old
+      // value while the file holds the new one. Patching in place is idempotent
+      // when the values truly match everywhere.
+      if (!options.skipReload && options.instantPatch) {
+        applyPreviewSync(previewIframeRef.current, result, options, reloadPreview);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
     domEditSaveTimestampRef.current = Date.now();
     if (result.before != null && result.after != null) {
       await editHistory.recordEdit({ label: options.label, kind: "manual", coalesceKey: options.coalesceKey, files: { [targetPath]: { before: result.before, after: result.after } } });
@@ -196,7 +219,7 @@ export function useGsapScriptCommits({ projectIdRef, activeCompPath, previewIfra
         // plugin-CDN load error genuinely breaks the iframe → full reload. Per U4, a
         // synchronous "verify-failed" (transient empty __timelines) does NOT escalate,
         // but a "cannot-soft-reload" (structural failure) does.
-        softReloadOrEscalate(previewIframeRef.current, script, reloadPreview, "sdk_refresh");
+        softReloadOrEscalate(previewIframeRef.current, script, reloadPreview, "sdk_refresh", after);
       } else {
         reloadPreview();
       }
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/utils/authoredOpacity.ts b/packages/studio/src/utils/authoredOpacity.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53b3ede30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/studio/src/utils/authoredOpacity.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Authored-opacity contract, studio side. The runtime stamps every graded
+ * element's authored inline opacity at document parse time (see
+ * installAuthoredOpacityCapture in @hyperframes/core); studio code that makes
+ * GSAP re-initialize tweens (soft reload, in-place patches) restores it so
+ * re-captures never bake a runtime transient in as a tween bound.
+ */
+import { COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR } from "@hyperframes/core/color-grading";
+
+interface AttributeReader {
+  getAttribute(name: string): string | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The stamped authored inline opacity. Three-state:
+ *   "0.98" — the authored value; "" — captured, authored none;
+ *   null — never captured (unknown).
+ * Duck-typed so iframe-realm elements (no shared HTMLElement) work.
+ */
+export function readStampedAuthoredOpacity(element: AttributeReader): string | null {
+  return element.getAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_AUTHORED_OPACITY_ATTR);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Write an authored inline opacity back: "" removes the property, a value sets
+ * it. Priority-lossy by design: the capture reads `style.opacity` (value only)
+ * and the write sets no priority, so an authored `opacity: X !important`
+ * round-trips as `opacity: X`. The only `!important` opacity in the pipeline
+ * is the color-grading runtime hide — a transient this contract exists to
+ * discard — and authored compositions don't `!important` their opacity.
+ */
+export function applyAuthoredInlineOpacity(style: CSSStyleDeclaration, authored: string): void {
+  if (authored === "") style.removeProperty("opacity");
+  else style.setProperty("opacity", authored);
+}
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/utils/elementGsap.ts b/packages/studio/src/utils/elementGsap.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e89b6f986
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/studio/src/utils/elementGsap.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * GSAP access through an ELEMENT'S OWN window (the preview iframe's runtime),
+ * not the studio window. This is the single way studio gesture code touches an
+ * iframe element's GSAP position outside the commit pipeline — the resize
+ * anchor pin (apply + restore) and the post-commit live correction. The commit
+ * pipeline itself stays the owner of persisted values.
+ */
+type ElementGsapWindow = Window & {
+  gsap?: {
+    set?: (target: Element, vars: Record<string, number>) => void;
+    getProperty?: (target: Element, prop: string) => unknown;
+  };
+};
+
+function gsapOf(element: HTMLElement): ElementGsapWindow["gsap"] | undefined {
+  return (element.ownerDocument.defaultView as ElementGsapWindow | null)?.gsap;
+}
+
+/** Set the element's GSAP x/y. Returns false when no runtime is reachable. */
+export function setElementGsapPosition(element: HTMLElement, x: number, y: number): boolean {
+  const gsap = gsapOf(element);
+  if (!gsap?.set) return false;
+  gsap.set(element, { x, y });
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** The element's GSAP numeric property, or null when unreadable. */
+export function readElementGsapNumber(element: HTMLElement, prop: string): number | null {
+  const value = Number(gsapOf(element)?.getProperty?.(element, prop));
+  return Number.isFinite(value) ? value : null;
+}
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.test.ts b/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.test.ts
index 1576a8bc8..25e07edd9 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.test.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.test.ts
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ describe("applySoftReload", () => {
     // async commit resolves. The rebuilt timeline must re-seek to the caller's
     // value, not the iframe's possibly-stale one.
     const { iframe, contentWindow } = buildMockIframe();
-    const result = applySoftReload(iframe, SCRIPT_TEXT, undefined, 0);
+    const result = applySoftReload(iframe, SCRIPT_TEXT, { currentTimeOverride: 0 });
     expect(result).toBe("applied");
     expect(contentWindow.__player.seek).toHaveBeenCalledWith(0);
   });
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ describe("applySoftReload", () => {
     (iframe.contentDocument as unknown as { head: unknown }).head = head;
 
     const onAsyncFailure = vi.fn();
-    const result = applySoftReload(iframe, MOTION_PATH_SCRIPT_TEXT, onAsyncFailure);
+    const result = applySoftReload(iframe, MOTION_PATH_SCRIPT_TEXT, { onAsyncFailure });
 
     // Optimistically "applied" (script will run once the plugin loads) — and the
     // script has NOT executed yet, so the timeline isn't rebound synchronously.
@@ -363,3 +363,87 @@ describe("ensureMotionPathPluginLoaded", () => {
     expect(appendedScripts).toHaveLength(2);
   });
 });
+
+// The authored-opacity restore: before the script re-runs (and its tweens
+// re-capture bounds), every animated element's inline opacity must be put back
+// to its AUTHORED value — from the after-write file HTML when provided, else
+// from the parse-time stamp. Otherwise a runtime transient (the color-grading
+// hide's 0, a mid-flight tween value) becomes a permanent tween bound.
+describe("applySoftReload authored-opacity restore", () => {
+  function buildIframeWithTarget(el: HTMLElement, overrides: Record<string, unknown> = {}) {
+    const scriptEl = document.createElement("script");
+    scriptEl.textContent =
+      'const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true }); tl.to("#box", { opacity: 0.5 });';
+    const tl = {
+      kill: vi.fn(),
+      pause: vi.fn(),
+      getChildren: () => [{ targets: () => [el] }],
+    };
+    const contentWindow = {
+      gsap: { timeline: vi.fn(), set: vi.fn() },
+      __hfForceTimelineRebind: vi.fn(),
+      __timelines: { root: tl } as Record<string, unknown>,
+      __player: { getTime: () => 2.0, seek: vi.fn() },
+      __hfStudioManualEditsApply: vi.fn(),
+      ...overrides,
+    };
+    const container = document.createElement("div");
+    container.appendChild(scriptEl);
+    // Intercept only POST-SETUP appends: simulate the re-run script
+    // repopulating __timelines (as in buildMockIframe).
+    const realAppendChild = container.appendChild.bind(container);
+    container.appendChild = <T extends Node>(node: T): T => {
+      const result = realAppendChild(node);
+      if (node instanceof HTMLScriptElement && node.textContent?.includes("gsap.timeline")) {
+        contentWindow.__timelines.root = { kill: vi.fn(), pause: vi.fn() };
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+    const contentDocument = {
+      querySelectorAll: (sel: string) => (sel === "script:not([src])" ? [scriptEl] : []),
+      createElement: (tag: string) => document.createElement(tag),
+      body: container,
+      head: document.createElement("div"),
+    };
+    return { iframe: { contentWindow, contentDocument } as unknown as HTMLIFrameElement };
+  }
+
+  /** Run one restore cycle over `el` and return the final inline opacity. */
+  function restoreOpacity(el: HTMLElement, authoredHtml?: string): string {
+    const { iframe } = buildIframeWithTarget(el);
+    expect(applySoftReload(iframe, SCRIPT_TEXT, authoredHtml ? { authoredHtml } : {})).toBe(
+      "applied",
+    );
+    return el.style.getPropertyValue("opacity");
+  }
+
+  it("restores opacity from the after-write HTML (matched by data-hf-id)", () => {
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.setAttribute("data-hf-id", "hf-1");
+    el.style.setProperty("opacity", "0", "important"); // the grading hide
+
+    const opacity = restoreOpacity(
+      el,
+      '<html><body><img data-hf-id="hf-1" style="opacity: 0.98"></body></html>',
+    );
+
+    expect(opacity).toBe("0.98");
+    expect(el.style.getPropertyPriority("opacity")).toBe("");
+  });
+
+  it("falls back to the parse-time stamp when no after-write HTML is given", () => {
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.setAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity", "0.75");
+    el.style.opacity = "0.123"; // mid-flight tween transient
+
+    expect(restoreOpacity(el)).toBe("0.75");
+  });
+
+  it("an empty stamp (authored none) removes the inline opacity", () => {
+    const el = document.createElement("img");
+    el.setAttribute("data-hf-authored-opacity", "");
+    el.style.opacity = "0";
+
+    expect(restoreOpacity(el)).toBe("");
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.ts b/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.ts
index 1cea9b789..63012108c 100644
--- a/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.ts
+++ b/packages/studio/src/utils/gsapSoftReload.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+import { COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR } from "@hyperframes/core/color-grading";
+import { applyAuthoredInlineOpacity, readStampedAuthoredOpacity } from "./authoredOpacity";
+
 type IframeWindow = Window & {
   __timelines?: Record<string, { kill?: () => void; pause?: () => void }>;
   __player?: { getTime?: () => number; seek?: (t: number) => void };
@@ -171,12 +174,21 @@ export type SoftReloadResult = "applied" | "verify-failed" | "cannot-soft-reload
  * caller should perform a full reload to recover. It never fires on the
  * synchronous paths.
  */
+export interface SoftReloadOptions {
+  /** Escalation for async plugin-load failures (e.g. MotionPath CDN error). */
+  onAsyncFailure?: () => void;
+  /** Seek target for the rebuilt timeline; defaults to the iframe player time. */
+  currentTimeOverride?: number;
+  /** After-write file HTML — the primary source for authored-opacity restore. */
+  authoredHtml?: string;
+}
+
 export function applySoftReload(
   iframe: HTMLIFrameElement | null,
   scriptText: string,
-  onAsyncFailure?: () => void,
-  currentTimeOverride?: number,
+  options: SoftReloadOptions = {},
 ): SoftReloadResult {
+  const { onAsyncFailure, currentTimeOverride, authoredHtml } = options;
   if (!iframe || !scriptText) return "cannot-soft-reload";
 
   const win = iframe.contentWindow as IframeWindow | null;
@@ -227,6 +239,36 @@ export function applySoftReload(
   // full iframe reload that destroys the very WebGL context we're preserving.
   let deferredToAsync = false;
 
+  // Authored-opacity resolution for the restore loop below. Three-state:
+  //   "0.98" — the element's authored inline opacity
+  //   ""     — resolved, and the element has NO authored inline opacity
+  //   null   — unknown (no authored HTML supplied, element not found in it,
+  //            and no runtime parse-time stamp)
+  // The just-written file (`authoredHtml`) is the current truth; the runtime's
+  // parse-time stamp (data-hf-authored-opacity, installAuthoredOpacityCapture)
+  // covers elements the file lookup can't resolve. Parsed lazily, at most once.
+  let authoredDoc: Document | null | undefined;
+  const findAuthoredSource = (el: HTMLElement): Element | null => {
+    if (authoredDoc === undefined) {
+      try {
+        authoredDoc = authoredHtml
+          ? new DOMParser().parseFromString(authoredHtml, "text/html")
+          : null;
+      } catch {
+        authoredDoc = null;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!authoredDoc) return null;
+    const hfId = el.getAttribute("data-hf-id");
+    if (hfId) return authoredDoc.querySelector(`[data-hf-id="${hfId}"]`);
+    return el.id ? authoredDoc.getElementById(el.id) : null;
+  };
+  const readAuthoredOpacity = (el: HTMLElement): string | null => {
+    const source = findAuthoredSource(el);
+    if (source instanceof HTMLElement) return source.style.opacity;
+    return readStampedAuthoredOpacity(el);
+  };
+
   // fallow-ignore-next-line complexity
   const doReload = () => {
     const timelines = win.__timelines;
@@ -283,19 +325,39 @@ export function applySoftReload(
     // nukes the element's CSS base (position, width, height, etc.) from the
     // HTML `style=""` attribute. Save → clear → restore → strip `transform`.
     if (allTargets.length > 0 && win.gsap?.set) {
-      const saved: Array<[Element, string]> = [];
+      const saved: Array<[HTMLElement, string]> = [];
       for (const el of allTargets) {
-        const s = (el as HTMLElement).style;
-        if (s?.cssText != null) saved.push([el, s.cssText]);
+        // Iframe-realm node: instanceof HTMLElement fails across realms, and
+        // gsap targets() only yields elements here — style access is duck-typed.
+        const styled = el as HTMLElement;
+        if (styled.style?.cssText != null) saved.push([styled, styled.style.cssText]);
       }
       try {
         win.gsap.set(allTargets, { clearProps: "all" });
       } catch {}
       for (const [el, css] of saved) {
-        const s = (el as HTMLElement).style;
-        if (!s) continue;
+        const s = el.style;
         s.cssText = css;
         s.removeProperty("transform");
+        // The restored cssText carries RUNTIME opacity, not authored opacity:
+        // a mid-flight tween's interpolated value, or the color-grading hide
+        // (`opacity: 0 !important`). The re-run script's tweens re-initialize
+        // against it — a from() captures it as its END, a to() as its START —
+        // turning the transient into the tween's permanent bound (dimmed or
+        // invisible elements). Put the AUTHORED inline opacity back; the seek
+        // below re-renders the correct animated value either way.
+        const authored = readAuthoredOpacity(el);
+        if (authored !== null) {
+          applyAuthoredInlineOpacity(s, authored);
+        } else if (
+          el.hasAttribute(COLOR_GRADING_SOURCE_HIDDEN_ATTR) &&
+          s.getPropertyValue("opacity") === "0" &&
+          s.getPropertyPriority("opacity") === "important"
+        ) {
+          // Authored value unknown, but this is definitely the grading hide —
+          // never let a from() capture 0; fall back to the CSS cascade.
+          s.removeProperty("opacity");
+        }
       }
     }