From 52154bddb5d493c3813a9d1634868fcf6ca4c7f4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Miguel=20=C3=81ngel?= <miguel.sierra@heygen.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 2026 19:24:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] fix(studio-server): answer 413/415 instead of reading huge or
 binary files as text (#4677)

* fix(studio-server): answer 413/415 instead of reading huge or binary files as text

* test(studio-server): prove the 413 path never reads the file via peak RSS
---
 .../studio-server/src/routes/files.test.ts    | 39 ++++++++++++++++++-
 packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.ts    | 12 +++++-
 2 files changed, 49 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.test.ts b/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.test.ts
index 6ee0e8e482..26f98d6679 100644
--- a/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.test.ts
+++ b/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.test.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ import { Hono } from "hono";
 import { parseHTML } from "linkedom";
 import { ensureHfIds } from "@hyperframes/parsers/hf-ids";
 import {
+  closeSync,
   existsSync,
+  ftruncateSync,
   mkdirSync,
   mkdtempSync,
+  openSync,
   readFileSync,
   readdirSync,
   rmSync,
@@ -297,6 +300,38 @@ describe("registerFileRoutes", () => {
     expect(response.status).toBe(404);
   });
 
+  it("answers 413 for a file over the text cap without reading it", async () => {
+    const projectDir = createProjectDir();
+    const fd = openSync(join(projectDir, "big.mp4"), "w");
+    ftruncateSync(fd, 300 * 1024 * 1024);
+    closeSync(fd);
+    const app = new Hono();
+    registerFileRoutes(app, createAdapter(projectDir));
+
+    const peakRssKbBefore = process.resourceUsage().maxRSS;
+    const response = await app.request("http://localhost/projects/demo/files/big.mp4");
+    const body = await response.text();
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(413);
+    expect(JSON.parse(body)).toMatchObject({ why: "too_large" });
+    expect(body.length).toBeLessThan(1024);
+    expect(process.resourceUsage().maxRSS - peakRssKbBefore).toBeLessThan(100 * 1024);
+  });
+
+  it("answers 415 for a binary file", async () => {
+    const projectDir = createProjectDir();
+    const header = Buffer.from([0, 0, 0, 0x18, 0x66, 0x74, 0x79, 0x70, 0xff, 0xfe]);
+    writeFileSync(join(projectDir, "clip.mp4"), Buffer.concat([header, Buffer.alloc(4096, 0xab)]));
+    const app = new Hono();
+    registerFileRoutes(app, createAdapter(projectDir));
+
+    const response = await app.request("http://localhost/projects/demo/files/clip.mp4");
+
+    expect(response.status).toBe(415);
+    expect(await response.json()).toMatchObject({ why: "binary", version: expect.any(String) });
+    expect(response.headers.get("etag")).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
   it("returns the same strong content version in JSON and ETag", async () => {
     const projectDir = createProjectDir();
     const app = new Hono();
@@ -324,7 +359,8 @@ describe("registerFileRoutes", () => {
     expect(readFileSync(join(projectDir, "assets/image.png"))).toEqual(bytes);
     const read = await app.request(url);
     const payload = await read.json();
-    expect(payload.content).toBe(bytes.toString("utf-8"));
+    expect(read.status).toBe(415);
+    expect(payload.content).toBeUndefined();
     expect(payload.version).toBe(fileContentVersion(bytes));
     expect(read.headers.get("etag")).toBe(payload.version);
     const duplicate = await app.request(url, {
@@ -366,6 +402,7 @@ describe("registerFileRoutes", () => {
     writeFileSync(path, before);
     const url = "http://localhost/projects/demo/files/image.png";
     const read = await app.request(url);
+    expect(read.status).toBe(415);
     const version = read.headers.get("etag")!;
     // Invalid UTF-8 bytes may decode to the same string, but must not share a version.
     const staleBytes = Buffer.from([0xfe, 0, 0x80, 0x81]);
diff --git a/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.ts b/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.ts
index bb8d99d443..06c5947ada 100644
--- a/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.ts
+++ b/packages/studio-server/src/routes/files.ts
@@ -2342,6 +2342,9 @@ async function processUploadedFiles(
 
 // ── Route registration ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
+const MAX_TEXT_READ_BYTES = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+const GIT_BINARY_SNIFF_BYTES = 8000;
+
 export function registerFileRoutes(api: Hono, adapter: StudioApiAdapter): void {
   // ── Read ──
 
@@ -2376,13 +2379,20 @@ export function registerFileRoutes(api: Hono, adapter: StudioApiAdapter): void {
       // Hono answers as a plain-text 500. The caller already handles a 404
       // with `why`; this reports the same shape instead of an opaque server
       // error for something that is not one.
-      if (!fstatSync(fd).isFile()) {
+      const stat = fstatSync(fd);
+      if (!stat.isFile()) {
         return c.json({ error: "not found", why: "not_a_file" }, 404);
       }
+      if (stat.size > MAX_TEXT_READ_BYTES) {
+        return c.json({ error: "too large to read as text", why: "too_large" }, 413);
+      }
 
       const content = readFileSync(fd);
       const version = fileContentVersion(content);
       c.header("ETag", version);
+      if (content.subarray(0, GIT_BINARY_SNIFF_BYTES).includes(0)) {
+        return c.json({ error: "not a text file", why: "binary", version }, 415);
+      }
       // `missing: false` on the read path too, so its PRESENCE is what tells a
       // caller this server distinguishes the two empty answers at all. Without
       // it here, a real 0-byte file from a new server looks exactly like either