Files
hyperframes/packages/aws-lambda
Miguel Ángel 2a14cbc924 perf(aws-lambda): size distributed renders from account concurrency limits (#5813)
* perf(aws-lambda): run chunks through a Distributed Map to lift the 40-chunk cap

The inline Map runs at most 40 chunk renders at once. Both state machine
definitions (CDK and SAM) now use a Distributed Map with STANDARD child
executions, capped at the function's reserved concurrency so chunks past it
queue instead of being throttled. Progress reads each chunk's child
execution history so frames, cost and chunk errors still show up.

* fix(aws-lambda): retry Lambda throttles for minutes and stop on oversized chunks

A throttled task used to burn its four catch-all retries in about 30 s.
It now gets its own jittered backoff of several minutes, because another
render on the same function can still hold the reserved slots. Plan
treats CHUNK_EXCEEDS_WORKER_TIMEOUT as terminal in both definitions.

* chore(aws-lambda): trim stack comments to keep the comment share flat

* fix(aws-lambda): keep render --wait working at hundreds of chunks

Progress polls read the chunk Map Run's counts (one DescribeMapRun) instead of
every child execution's history, take exact chunk frames and cost from the Map
output once it exits, and read failed children only when the counts show a
failure. The SDK client retries throttled calls up to 8 times with backoff.

* feat(aws-lambda): size each render's concurrency to the account instead of a fixed 8

* fix(lambda): keep the concurrency SDK external in published modules

* fix(cli): keep an existing stack's reserved concurrency on redeploy

Redeploying without --concurrency sent ReservedConcurrency=-1, which
removed the cap of 8 that earlier CLI versions reserved by default and
stopped recording it in the state file. The override is now left out
when the flag is omitted, so SAM keeps the stack's current value (a new
stack still gets the template's unreserved default). The state file
records the deployed value, and deploy prints the kept reservation.

* fix(aws-lambda): keep progress working for callers without DescribeMapRun

Callers whose IAM policy came from an earlier `lambda policies user`
lack states:DescribeMapRun, so reading a running Distributed Map threw
AccessDeniedException out of `lambda progress` and `render --wait`
while the render itself went on to succeed. getRenderProgress now
catches only that error around the map-run read, returns the parent
snapshot (status, plan and assemble progress) and adds a warning to
re-apply the policy, which both commands print. Other errors still
throw.

* fix(cli): let the documented deploy policy drop a reserved concurrency

When a redeploy removes a function's reserved concurrency, CloudFormation
calls lambda:DeleteFunctionConcurrency. The policy printed by
`lambda policies role|user` granted only PutFunctionConcurrency, so the
update failed and rolled back. Grant it, and pin it with
states:DescribeMapRun in the required-actions test.

* fix(aws-lambda): read smoke chunk hashes from the Distributed Map output

With chunks in a Distributed Map, their task results live in child
executions, so the smoke gate's chunk-hash check found 0 chunks in the
parent history and failed every v1/v2 comparison. Read Chunks[] from the
RenderChunks / RenderChunksV2 MapStateExited output instead, as
getRenderProgress does. The stack this script deploys only has the
Distributed Map, so the inline-Map path is gone.

* fix(producer): cap a pinned chunk size at the worker concurrency, not 16

With --chunk-size or --target-chunk-frames and no --max-parallel-chunks,
the plan still capped the render at 16 chunks however many workers the
account allowed, so --chunk-size 30 on a 60 s render gave 16 chunks of
113 frames. The cap is now one wave across the worker concurrency, as
the --max-parallel-chunks docs say; 16 remains when the concurrency is
unknown.

* feat(cli): remove a stack's reserved concurrency with --concurrency=none

Since an omitted --concurrency now keeps the stack's reservation, there
was no CLI way back to the unreserved default. --concurrency=none sends
ReservedConcurrency=-1, the state file records the stack as unreserved
and deploy says the reservation was removed. Positive N and an omitted
flag behave as before; any other value is rejected instead of being
silently ignored.

* chore(aws-lambda): raise the package size budget for account-sized concurrency

Measured with pnpm@10.17.1 pack after rebasing on main with the S3 assembly change: 67,763 packed / 244,685 unpacked; the budget is the check's own 5% headroom over that.
2026-10-19 00:57:30 +00:00
..

@hyperframes/aws-lambda

AWS Lambda adapter for HyperFrames distributed rendering. Ships three things together:

  1. The Lambda handler that wraps the OSS plan / renderChunk / assemble primitives behind a single dispatch boundary Step Functions can drive (src/handler.ts).
  2. A client-side SDK — renderToLambda, getRenderProgress, deploySite, plus validateDistributedRenderConfig and computeRenderCost (src/sdk/).
  3. An aws-cdk-lib L2 construct (HyperframesRenderStack) that provisions the same topology as examples/aws-lambda/template.yaml inside an adopter's own CDK app (src/cdk/).

The handler ZIP and the SAM template still drive a maintainer-run real-AWS smoke flow; the SDK + CDK are the supported public surface for adopters.

Architecture

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Step Functions state machine                                     │
│   Plan → Map(N) RenderChunk → Assemble                           │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                              │ dispatches by event.Action
                              ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ One Lambda function (this package's `dist/handler.zip`)          │
│   handler.mjs                                                    │
│     ├─ Action="plan"        → @hyperframes/producer/distributed  │
│     ├─ Action="renderChunk" → @hyperframes/producer/distributed  │
│     └─ Action="assemble"    → @hyperframes/producer/distributed  │
│   bin/ffmpeg                — ffmpeg-static                      │
│   node_modules/@sparticuz/chromium/ — Lambda-optimised Chromium  │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                              │ pure functions over local paths
                              ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ S3 bucket — v1 plan tar or v2 manifest/blobs + chunks + output  │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

The handler downloads inputs from S3 into /tmp, calls the OSS primitive, uploads outputs back to S3, and returns a small JSON result that fits inside Step Functions' history budget (under 200 bytes per chunk).

Plan transport selection

Plan v2 is the default for new renders. When planProtocol is omitted, renderToLambda sends an explicit PlanProtocol: "v2" so the SDK and the deployed state machine agree:

await renderToLambda({
  // ...bucket, state machine, project, and config...
});

V2 never overloads PlanS3Uri. The planner returns PlanV2ManifestS3Uri and PlanV2ArtifactS3Prefix; chunk workers fetch only manifest-selected chunk artifacts, while the assembler fetches its own metadata and audio subset. Blobs are immutable SHA-256-addressed objects, verified on upload and download, and the manifest is published last. Unknown protocols and digest mismatches are terminal Step Functions errors. The monolithic v1 transport remains available as deprecated compatibility by passing planProtocol: "v1" explicitly.

Upgrade order

This default changes application behavior and requires a coordinated infrastructure upgrade. Before upgrading an application that calls renderToLambda:

  1. Pause new renders and let existing Step Functions executions drain.
  2. Redeploy the Lambda handler and SAM template or CDK construct from the same new package version.
  3. Resume renders, then upgrade the application/SDK dependency.

Older state machines can default missing protocol fields to v1 or lack v2 branches, while the new SDK sends explicit v2. If infrastructure cannot be redeployed first, keep the application on its previous package version or pass planProtocol: "v1" explicitly until the redeploy is complete.

Chrome runtime

The package supports two Chromium sources:

Source Default Size When to pick it
@sparticuz/chromium yes ~70 MiB compressed Lambda. Decompresses into /tmp at runtime; the rest of the ecosystem already uses it for headless-Chrome-in-Lambda.
Bundled chrome-headless-shell no ~140 MiB Fallback. Used if @sparticuz/chromium ever drops HeadlessExperimental.beginFrame support.

Pick the source at build time:

bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda build:zip
bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda build:zip -- --source=chrome-headless-shell

The handler reads HYPERFRAMES_LAMBDA_CHROME_SOURCE at boot. The build script sets that env var via Lambda function configuration in examples/aws-lambda/template.yaml.

BeginFrame regression guard

HyperFrames' renderer drives Chrome via the CDP HeadlessExperimental.beginFrame command — same path the K8s deploy uses. The Lambda adapter assumes that @sparticuz/chromium's chrome-headless-shell build honours BeginFrame. To prove it (and re-prove it on every release), the package ships a Docker probe:

# Build the Lambda-like container and run the probe.
bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda probe:beginframe:docker

The probe boots @sparticuz/chromium inside public.ecr.aws/lambda/nodejs:22 and asserts CDP beginFrame with screenshot: true returns a PNG buffer. Exit code 0 = green; non-zero = fall back to bundling chrome-headless-shell directly via --source=chrome-headless-shell.

Building the ZIP

bun install                                          # at the monorepo root
bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda build:zip          # → packages/aws-lambda/dist/handler.zip
bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda verify:zip-size    # CI gate

The build script bundles src/handler.ts via esbuild, stages @sparticuz/chromium and puppeteer-core under node_modules/, copies ffmpeg-static into bin/, and zips the result. The unzipped layout is designed to extract cleanly into Lambda's /var/task/.

verify:zip-size enforces:

  • Unzipped ≤ 248 MiB (in-house budget; Lambda hard ceiling is 250 MiB unzipped — AWS docs label this "250 MB" but use binary mebibytes)
  • Zipped ≤ 150 MiB (in-house budget; Lambda has no hard zipped cap for S3-deployed functions)

CI fails the PR if either is exceeded.

Running tests

bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda test               # unit tests (no Chrome)
bun run --cwd packages/aws-lambda probe:beginframe   # local probe (Linux only)

Using the SDK

After deploying the stack (via the SAM template, CDK construct below, or your own CFN of choice), drive renders from Node:

import { deploySite, getRenderProgress, renderToLambda } from "@hyperframes/aws-lambda";

// One-time upload per project version.
const site = await deploySite({
  projectDir: "./my-composition",
  bucketName: "hyperframes-render-bucket",
});

// Start a render. Returns immediately — does NOT poll.
const handle = await renderToLambda({
  siteHandle: site,
  bucketName: site.bucketName,
  stateMachineArn: "arn:aws:states:us-east-1:123:stateMachine:hyperframes-render",
  config: {
    fps: 30,
    width: 1920,
    height: 1080,
    format: "mp4",
    chunkSize: 240,
    maxParallelChunks: 16,
    runtimeCap: "lambda",
  },
});

// Poll progress + cost on your own cadence.
const progress = await getRenderProgress({ executionArn: handle.executionArn });
console.log(progress.overallProgress, progress.costs.displayCost);
if (progress.status === "SUCCEEDED" && progress.outputFile) {
  console.log("Render landed at", progress.outputFile.s3Uri);
}

renderToLambda validates the config client-side via validateDistributedRenderConfig and throws a typed InvalidConfigError before the Step Functions execution starts, so shape errors surface synchronously instead of as opaque ExecutionFailed results.

getRenderProgress reports an approximate per-render cost (accruedSoFarUsd plus a formatted displayCost) derived from Lambda billed-duration × memory × the us-east-1 on-demand rate plus the Step Functions transition price. The math is documented in src/sdk/costAccounting.ts; numbers are best-effort and exclude S3 transfer.

Using the CDK construct

import { App, Stack } from "aws-cdk-lib";
import { HyperframesRenderStack } from "@hyperframes/aws-lambda/cdk";

const app = new App();
const stack = new Stack(app, "MyApp");
const render = new HyperframesRenderStack(stack, "Render", {
  // optional: reservedConcurrency: 8,
  // optional: lambdaMemoryMb: 10240,
  // optional: chromeSource: "sparticuz",
});

// Re-export so an adopter app can wire dashboards / SNS topics.
new CfnOutput(stack, "RenderBucketName", { value: render.bucket.bucketName });
new CfnOutput(stack, "StateMachineArn", { value: render.stateMachine.stateMachineArn });

aws-cdk-lib and constructs are optional peer dependencies: SDK-only consumers don't pull them at runtime. The construct itself imports from @hyperframes/aws-lambda/cdk.

What's still ahead

  • hyperframes lambda CLI (deploy / sites create / render / progress / destroy) — PR 6.5.
  • IAM bootstrap subcommand (policies role | user | validate) — PR 6.9.
  • Lambda-local regression harness (--mode=lambda-local) — PR 6.6.
  • Adopter-facing migration guide — PR 6.8.