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Keyframe Mechanism Reference

Use this after SKILL.md when choosing a concrete implementation mechanism. It is a parts shelf, not a style guide. Start with one primary mechanism; add supporting motion only when it clarifies the idea.

Runtime Skeletons

Anime.js, default:

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/animejs@4.5.0/dist/bundles/anime.umd.min.js"></script>
<script>
  const root = document.querySelector("[data-composition-id]");
  const id = root.dataset.compositionId;
  const tl = anime.createTimeline({ autoplay: false });

  tl.add(
    "<selector>",
    {
      translateX: [
        { to: 0, duration: 0, ease: "linear" },
        { to: 220, duration: 800, ease: "outCubic" },
        { to: 180, duration: 400, ease: "inOutQuad" },
      ],
      opacity: [
        { to: 0, duration: 0, ease: "linear" },
        { to: 1, duration: 250, ease: "outQuad" },
        { to: 1, duration: 950, ease: "linear" },
      ],
    },
    0,
  );

  hyperframesAnime.register(id, tl, {
    labels: { intro: 0, peak: 0.8, settle: 1.2 },
  });
</script>

Remember the unit split: anime.js arguments are milliseconds, HyperFrames labels and data-* timing are seconds.

CSS:

.<subject > {
  animation: <name> <duration> <ease> both;
  animation-iteration-count: 1;
}
@keyframes <name> {
  0% {
    transform: <pose-a>;
    opacity: <a>;
  }
  100% {
    transform: <pose-b>;
    opacity: <b>;
  }
}

Three/WebGL with anime.js state proxy:

const state = { progress: 0 };
const tl = anime.createTimeline({ autoplay: false, onUpdate: renderScene });

tl.add(state, { progress: 1, duration: <durationMs>, ease: "linear" }, 0);

function renderScene() {
  // derive camera/object/material values from state.progress
  renderer.render(scene, camera);
}

renderScene();
hyperframesAnime.register("<composition-id>", tl, { labels: {} });

Non-default GSAP adapter path. Use this only for existing GSAP compositions or deliberate GSAP adapter work.

GSAP:

const root = document.querySelector("[data-composition-id]");
const id = root.dataset.compositionId;
const tl = gsap.timeline({ paused: true });
tl.to("<selector>", {
  keyframes: [
    /* derive poses from the scene */
  ],
  ease: "none",
});
window.__timelines = window.__timelines || {};
window.__timelines[id] = tl;

Mechanisms

Mechanism Solves Keyframe Runtime Verify
Path travel Subject must visibly follow a route path progress, tangent rotation, follower offset, trail opacity sampled x/y/z via anime keyframes; GSAP MotionPath (non-default) strip shot at bends; final snapshot
Stroke draw A line, ring, or outline appears over time dash/draw range, stroke opacity, endpoint state anime SVG helpers or SVG dash fallback; GSAP DrawSVG (non-default) partial mid snapshot; complete final
Shape interpolation One silhouette becomes another source path, middle path, target path, fill/stroke anime value/keyframes with deterministic path interpolation; GSAP MorphSVG (non-default) first/mid/final snapshots
Shared element Same subject changes box or hierarchy source box, target box, x/y, scale, radius, context opacity manual FLIP with anime transforms; GSAP Flip (non-default) one identity moves; no substitute crossfade
Clip/mask reveal Animated boundary exposes content clip path, mask position/size, edge softness, inner counter-motion anime/CSS/SVG or shader uniform; GSAP adapter when porting (non-default) snapshot edge frames and final unclipped state
Ordered repetition Many items enter, leave, or transform in order indexed delay, x/y, scale, opacity, final alignment Anime stagger with grid/index delay, GSAP stagger (non-default), CSS vars check first/middle/last item timing
Text subdivision Text motion needs readable internal timing line/word/char/band wrappers, y/x, opacity, final fit Anime text split, authored spans, GSAP SplitText (non-default) strip shot plus final readability snapshot
Surface transform Image/card stretches, crops, or changes shape parent scale/skew/clip, child counter-scale, transform origin anime keyframes, CSS keyframes, GSAP adapter (non-default) no accidental warped final
UI state machine Interface passes through semantic states closed, active, loading, success/error, final anime.js timeline by default, CSS keyframes, GSAP adapter (non-default) snapshots hit states in order
DOM depth HTML elements need 3D separation perspective, z, rotationX/Y, opacity, crossing layer order CSS 3D plus anime transforms, CSS keyframes, or GSAP adapter (non-default) angled --shot; overlap snapshot
Camera/object 3D Canvas/WebGL scene moves in depth camera, target, object transform, material opacity Three.js/WebGL plus anime state proxy; GSAP proxy (non-default) --ghost; snapshots at proof poses
Shader uniform Pixel effect is driven by scalar progress progress, edge width, noise, color mix, opacity ShaderMaterial/WebGL uniforms driven by anime object state --ghost; snapshot 0/edge/mid/final
Instanced system Many 3D objects move as one system instance transforms, scale, color/opacity, camera Three InstancedMesh driven by anime object state snapshots, because DOM boxes miss internals
Imported model Model animation must scrub deterministically AnimationMixer.setTime, camera, material, lights Three AnimationMixer driven from HyperFrames time drive from HyperFrames time; --ghost

Anime.js Ease Reference

When authoring anime.js directly, use anime's native ease strings. Use GSAP dot-notation only inside a non-default GSAP adapter section or when documenting a port.

Familiar GSAP ease Anime.js ease
none linear
power1.in inQuad
power1.out outQuad
power1.inOut inOutQuad
power2.in inCubic
power2.out outCubic
power2.inOut inOutCubic
power3.* *Quart
power4.* *Quint
back.out(1.7) outBack(1.7)
elastic.out(1,0.3) outElastic(1, 0.3)
steps(4) steps(4)
expo.inOut inOutExpo
sine.out outSine
circ.in inCirc
bounce.out outBounce

The * prefix pattern applies to in, out, and inOut for Quad, Cubic, Quart, Quint, Bounce, Expo, Sine, and Circ.

Anime.js Stagger Pattern

anime.stagger(value, { grid, from, axis }) is deterministic and index-based. It does not use randomness.

const tl = anime.createTimeline({ autoplay: false });

tl.add(
  ".cell",
  {
    translateY: [0, -120],
    scale: [1, 1.24],
    backgroundColor: "#0ea5e9",
    duration: 1400,
    delay: anime.stagger(65, { grid: [5, 4], from: "center" }),
    ease: "inOut(2)",
  },
  400,
);

hyperframesAnime.register("stagger-grid", tl, {
  labels: { firstWave: 0.4, end: 1.8 },
});

This assumes the root composition uses data-composition-id="stagger-grid". If you layer jitter or randomness on top of a stagger, use a seeded PRNG such as mulberry32. Never use Math.random() in render-critical motion.

One Property Owner Rule

One property owner per element across registered instances. Two independently registered anime.js timelines or animations writing the same property on the same element are order-dependent under independent seeks and are forbidden for render-critical motion. This applies across engines too, so an anime.js timeline and a GSAP timeline must not both own opacity, translateX, scale, or any other render-critical property on the same element.

Source Links

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