refactor(studio): improve Timeline, PlayerControls, and player hook (#63)

## Summary - **Timeline**: Refactored track rendering with zoom support, drag/resize interactions, and playhead scrubbing - **PlayerControls**: Redesigned with seek bar, time display, playback rate selector - **useTimelinePlayer**: Enhanced with iframe bridge communication, timeline message parsing, and deterministic seek - Add Timeline unit tests (109 lines) 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
2026-08-31 02:41:44 +00:00 · 2026-03-28 20:39:35 +01:00
parent 625b5131bd
commit 0769678f46
16 changed files with 1790 additions and 343 deletions
@@ -48,3 +48,9 @@ packages/producer/src/services/fontData.generated.ts
 # Test artifacts
 my-video/
 packages/studio/data/
+
+# QA artifacts
+qa-*.webm
+scorecard.png
+.worktrees/
+.desloppify/
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 docs/
 DOCS_GUIDELINES.md
 packages/producer/tests/
+*.generated.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
    },
    "packages/cli": {
      "name": "@hyperframes/cli",
-      "version": "0.1.4",
+      "version": "0.1.10",
      "bin": {
        "hyperframes": "./dist/cli.js",
      },
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
    },
    "packages/core": {
      "name": "@hyperframes/core",
-      "version": "0.1.4",
+      "version": "0.1.10",
      "devDependencies": {
        "@types/jsdom": "^28.0.0",
        "@types/node": "^24.10.13",
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
    },
    "packages/engine": {
      "name": "@hyperframes/engine",
-      "version": "0.1.4",
+      "version": "0.1.6",
      "dependencies": {
        "@hono/node-server": "^1.13.0",
        "@hyperframes/core": "workspace:^",
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
    },
    "packages/producer": {
      "name": "@hyperframes/producer",
-      "version": "0.1.4",
+      "version": "0.1.6",
      "dependencies": {
        "@fontsource/archivo-black": "^5.2.8",
        "@fontsource/eb-garamond": "^5.2.7",
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
    },
    "packages/studio": {
      "name": "@hyperframes/studio",
-      "version": "0.1.4",
+      "version": "0.1.10",
      "dependencies": {
        "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.20.1",
        "@codemirror/commands": "^6.10.3",
@@ -143,9 +143,12 @@
        "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.0.0",
        "autoprefixer": "^10.4.0",
        "postcss": "^8.4.0",
+        "puppeteer-core": "^24.40.0",
        "tailwindcss": "^3.4.0",
        "typescript": "^5.0.0",
        "vite": "^5.0.0",
+        "vitest": "^3.2.4",
+        "zustand": "^5.0.0",
      },
      "peerDependencies": {
        "react": "^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
@@ -1361,8 +1364,6 @@

    "update-browserslist-db": ["update-browserslist-db@1.2.3", "", { "dependencies": { "escalade": "3.2.0", "picocolors": "1.1.1" }, "peerDependencies": { "browserslist": "4.28.1" }, "bin": { "update-browserslist-db": "cli.js" } }, "sha512-Js0m9cx+qOgDxo0eMiFGEueWztz+d4+M3rGlmKPT+T4IS/jP4ylw3Nwpu6cpTTP8R1MAC1kF4VbdLt3ARf209w=="],

-    "use-sync-external-store": ["use-sync-external-store@1.6.0", "", { "peerDependencies": { "react": "18.3.1" } }, "sha512-Pp6GSwGP/NrPIrxVFAIkOQeyw8lFenOHijQWkUTrDvrF4ALqylP2C/KCkeS9dpUM3KvYRQhna5vt7IL95+ZQ9w=="],
-
    "util-deprecate": ["util-deprecate@1.0.2", "", {}, "sha512-EPD5q1uXyFxJpCrLnCc1nHnq3gOa6DZBocAIiI2TaSCA7VCJ1UJDMagCzIkXNsUYfD1daK//LTEQ8xiIbrHtcw=="],

    "vite": ["vite@5.4.21", "", { "dependencies": { "esbuild": "0.21.5", "postcss": "8.5.8", "rollup": "4.59.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@types/node": "22.19.15", "fsevents": "2.3.3" }, "bin": { "vite": "bin/vite.js" } }, "sha512-o5a9xKjbtuhY6Bi5S3+HvbRERmouabWbyUcpXXUA1u+GNUKoROi9byOJ8M0nHbHYHkYICiMlqxkg1KkYmm25Sw=="],
@@ -1419,7 +1420,7 @@

    "zod": ["zod@4.3.6", "", {}, "sha512-rftlrkhHZOcjDwkGlnUtZZkvaPHCsDATp4pGpuOOMDaTdDDXF91wuVDJoWoPsKX/3YPQ5fHuF3STjcYyKr+Qhg=="],

-    "zustand": ["zustand@4.5.7", "", { "dependencies": { "use-sync-external-store": "1.6.0" }, "optionalDependencies": { "@types/react": "19.2.14", "react": "18.3.1" } }, "sha512-CHOUy7mu3lbD6o6LJLfllpjkzhHXSBlX8B9+qPddUsIfeF5S/UZ5q0kmCsnRqT1UHFQZchNFDDzMbQsuesHWlw=="],
+    "zustand": ["zustand@5.0.12", "", { "peerDependencies": { "@types/react": ">=18.0.0", "immer": ">=9.0.6", "react": ">=18.0.0", "use-sync-external-store": ">=1.2.0" }, "optionalPeers": ["@types/react", "immer", "react", "use-sync-external-store"] }, "sha512-i77ae3aZq4dhMlRhJVCYgMLKuSiZAaUPAct2AksxQ+gOtimhGMdXljRT21P5BNpeT4kXlLIckvkPM029OljD7g=="],

    "@babel/code-frame/js-tokens": ["js-tokens@4.0.0", "", {}, "sha512-RdJUflcE3cUzKiMqQgsCu06FPu9UdIJO0beYbPhHN4k6apgJtifcoCtT9bcxOpYBtpD2kCM6Sbzg4CausW/PKQ=="],

@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
  "scripts": {
    "dev": "vite",
    "build": "vite build",
-    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit",
+    "test": "vitest run",
+    "test:watch": "vitest"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@codemirror/autocomplete": "^6.20.1",
@@ -44,9 +46,12 @@
    "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.0.0",
    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.0",
    "postcss": "^8.4.0",
+    "puppeteer-core": "^24.40.0",
    "tailwindcss": "^3.4.0",
    "typescript": "^5.0.0",
-    "vite": "^5.0.0"
+    "vite": "^5.0.0",
+    "vitest": "^3.2.4",
+    "zustand": "^5.0.0"
  },
  "peerDependencies": {
    "react": "^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/**
+ * CompositionThumbnail — Film-strip of server-rendered JPEG thumbnails.
+ *
+ * Requests multiple thumbnails at different timestamps across the clip duration
+ * and tiles them horizontally — like VideoThumbnail does for video clips.
+ * Each frame is a separate <img> from /api/projects/:id/thumbnail/:path?t=X.
+ *
+ * Lazy-loaded via IntersectionObserver. Uses ResizeObserver to adapt frame count
+ * when the clip width changes (zoom).
+ */
+
+import { memo, useRef, useState, useCallback, useEffect } from "react";
+
+const CLIP_HEIGHT = 66;
+const MAX_UNIQUE_FRAMES = 6;
+
+interface CompositionThumbnailProps {
+  previewUrl: string;
+  label: string;
+  labelColor: string;
+  seekTime?: number;
+  duration?: number;
+  width?: number;
+  height?: number;
+}
+
+export const CompositionThumbnail = memo(function CompositionThumbnail({
+  previewUrl,
+  label,
+  labelColor,
+  seekTime = 0.4,
+  duration = 5,
+  width = 1920,
+  height = 1080,
+}: CompositionThumbnailProps) {
+  const [visible, setVisible] = useState(false);
+  const [containerWidth, setContainerWidth] = useState(0);
+  const [loadedFrames, setLoadedFrames] = useState<Set<number>>(new Set());
+  const ioRef = useRef<IntersectionObserver | null>(null);
+  const roRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);
+
+  const setRef = useCallback((el: HTMLDivElement | null) => {
+    ioRef.current?.disconnect();
+    roRef.current?.disconnect();
+    if (!el) return;
+
+    // Walk up to data-clip parent for accurate width (max 5 levels to avoid overshoot)
+    let target: HTMLElement = el;
+    let parent = el.parentElement;
+    let depth = 0;
+    while (parent && !parent.hasAttribute("data-clip") && depth < 5) {
+      parent = parent.parentElement;
+      depth++;
+    }
+    if (parent?.hasAttribute("data-clip")) target = parent;
+
+    requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+      const w = target.clientWidth || target.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+      if (w > 0) setContainerWidth(w);
+    });
+
+    ioRef.current = new IntersectionObserver(
+      ([entry]) => {
+        if (entry.isIntersecting) {
+          setVisible(true);
+          ioRef.current?.disconnect();
+          requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+            const w = target.clientWidth || target.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+            if (w > 0) setContainerWidth(w);
+          });
+        }
+      },
+      { rootMargin: "300px" },
+    );
+    ioRef.current.observe(el);
+
+    roRef.current = new ResizeObserver(([entry]) => setContainerWidth(entry.contentRect.width));
+    roRef.current.observe(target);
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(
+    () => () => {
+      ioRef.current?.disconnect();
+      roRef.current?.disconnect();
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  // Convert preview URL to thumbnail base URL
+  const thumbnailBase = previewUrl
+    .replace("/preview/comp/", "/thumbnail/")
+    .replace(/\/preview$/, "/thumbnail/index.html");
+
+  // Calculate frame layout
+  const aspect = width / height;
+  const frameW = Math.round(CLIP_HEIGHT * aspect);
+  const frameCount = containerWidth > 0 ? Math.max(1, Math.ceil(containerWidth / frameW)) : 1;
+  const uniqueFrames = Math.min(frameCount, MAX_UNIQUE_FRAMES);
+
+  // Generate timestamps spread across the clip duration.
+  // Start at 30% into the scene to skip entrance animations (opacity:0 → 1).
+  // End at 90% to avoid catching exit animations.
+  const timestamps: number[] = [];
+  const startOffset = duration * 0.3;
+  const endOffset = duration * 0.9;
+  const range = endOffset - startOffset;
+  for (let i = 0; i < uniqueFrames; i++) {
+    const frac = uniqueFrames === 1 ? 0 : i / (uniqueFrames - 1);
+    timestamps.push(seekTime + startOffset + frac * range);
+  }
+
+  const hasAnyFrame = loadedFrames.size > 0;
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={setRef} className="absolute inset-0 overflow-hidden bg-neutral-950">
+      {/* Film strip */}
+      {visible && (
+        <div className="absolute inset-0 flex">
+          {Array.from({ length: frameCount }).map((_, i) => {
+            const uniqueIdx = i % uniqueFrames;
+            const t = timestamps[uniqueIdx];
+            const url = `${thumbnailBase}?t=${t.toFixed(2)}`;
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={i}
+                className="flex-shrink-0 h-full relative overflow-hidden bg-neutral-900"
+                style={{ width: frameW }}
+              >
+                <img
+                  src={url}
+                  alt=""
+                  draggable={false}
+                  loading="lazy"
+                  onLoad={() => setLoadedFrames((prev) => new Set(prev).add(uniqueIdx))}
+                  className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full object-cover"
+                  style={{
+                    opacity: loadedFrames.has(uniqueIdx) ? 1 : 0,
+                    transition: "opacity 200ms ease-out",
+                  }}
+                />
+              </div>
+            );
+          })}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {/* Shimmer while loading */}
+      {(!visible || !hasAnyFrame) && (
+        <div
+          className="absolute inset-0 animate-pulse"
+          style={{
+            background:
+              "linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.05) 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 100%)",
+          }}
+        />
+      )}
+
+      {/* Label */}
+      <div
+        className="absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 z-10 px-1.5 pb-0.5 pt-3"
+        style={{
+          background:
+            "linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.85) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 60%, transparent 100%)",
+        }}
+      >
+        <span
+          className="text-[9px] font-semibold truncate block leading-tight"
+          style={{ color: labelColor, textShadow: "0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" }}
+        >
+          {label}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ export const Player = forwardRef<HTMLIFrameElement, PlayerProps>(
      const handleMessage = (e: MessageEvent) => {
        const data = e.data;
        if (
-          (data?.source === "hf-preview" || data?.source === "hf-preview") &&
+          data?.source === "hf-preview" &&
          data?.type === "stage-size" &&
          data.width > 0 &&
          data.height > 0
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ export const Player = forwardRef<HTMLIFrameElement, PlayerProps>(
            }
          }
        }
-      } catch {
-        // Cross-origin
+      } catch (err) {
+        console.warn("[Player] Could not read iframe dimensions (cross-origin)", err);
      }

      if (loadCountRef.current > 1) {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ export const Player = forwardRef<HTMLIFrameElement, PlayerProps>(
    return (
      <div
        ref={containerRef}
-        className="w-full h-full max-w-full max-h-full overflow-hidden shadow-float border border-neutral-800 bg-black flex items-center justify-center rounded-card-inner"
+        className="w-full h-full max-w-full max-h-full overflow-hidden bg-black flex items-center justify-center"
      >
        <iframe
          ref={ref}
@@ -117,6 +117,7 @@ export const Player = forwardRef<HTMLIFrameElement, PlayerProps>(
            width: dims.w,
            height: dims.h,
            border: "none",
+            outline: "1px solid black",
            transform: `scale(${scale})`,
            transformOrigin: "center center",
            flexShrink: 0,
@@ -1,17 +1,10 @@
-import { useRef, useState, useCallback, memo } from "react";
+import { useRef, useState, useCallback, useEffect, memo } from "react";
 import { formatTime } from "../lib/time";
 import { usePlayerStore, liveTime } from "../store/playerStore";
-import { useMountEffect } from "../lib/useMountEffect";

 const SPEED_OPTIONS = [0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2] as const;

 interface PlayerControlsProps {
-  /** @deprecated Pass via store — kept for backwards compat */
-  isPlaying?: boolean;
-  /** @deprecated Pass via store — kept for backwards compat */
-  duration?: number;
-  /** @deprecated Pass via store — kept for backwards compat */
-  timelineReady?: boolean;
  onTogglePlay: () => void;
  onSeek: (time: number) => void;
 }
@@ -19,20 +12,15 @@ interface PlayerControlsProps {
 export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({
  onTogglePlay,
  onSeek,
-  ...overrides
 }: PlayerControlsProps) {
  // Subscribe to only the fields we render — each selector prevents cascading re-renders
-  const storeIsPlaying = usePlayerStore((s) => s.isPlaying);
-  const storeDuration = usePlayerStore((s) => s.duration);
-  const storeTimelineReady = usePlayerStore((s) => s.timelineReady);
+  const isPlaying = usePlayerStore((s) => s.isPlaying);
+  const duration = usePlayerStore((s) => s.duration);
+  const timelineReady = usePlayerStore((s) => s.timelineReady);
  const playbackRate = usePlayerStore((s) => s.playbackRate);
  const setPlaybackRate = usePlayerStore.getState().setPlaybackRate;
  const [showSpeedMenu, setShowSpeedMenu] = useState(false);

-  const isPlaying = overrides.isPlaying ?? storeIsPlaying;
-  const duration = overrides.duration ?? storeDuration;
-  const timelineReady = overrides.timelineReady ?? storeTimelineReady;
-
  const progressFillRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  const progressThumbRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  const timeDisplayRef = useRef<HTMLSpanElement>(null);
@@ -42,17 +30,34 @@ export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({

  const durationRef = useRef(duration);
  durationRef.current = duration;
-  useMountEffect(() => {
-    const unsub = liveTime.subscribe((t) => {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const updateProgress = (t: number) => {
      currentTimeRef.current = t;
      const dur = durationRef.current;
-      const pct = dur > 0 ? (t / dur) * 100 : 0;
+      const pct = dur > 0 ? Math.min(100, (t / dur) * 100) : 0;
      if (progressFillRef.current) progressFillRef.current.style.width = `${pct}%`;
      if (progressThumbRef.current) progressThumbRef.current.style.left = `${pct}%`;
      if (timeDisplayRef.current) timeDisplayRef.current.textContent = formatTime(t);
-    });
-    return unsub;
-  });
+    };
+    const unsub = liveTime.subscribe(updateProgress);
+    updateProgress(usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime);
+
+    // Also poll every 500ms as a fallback in case liveTime doesn't fire
+    const interval = setInterval(() => {
+      const t = usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime;
+      const dur = usePlayerStore.getState().duration;
+      if (dur > 0 && t > 0) {
+        const pct = Math.min(100, (t / dur) * 100);
+        if (progressFillRef.current) progressFillRef.current.style.width = `${pct}%`;
+        if (progressThumbRef.current) progressThumbRef.current.style.left = `${pct}%`;
+      }
+    }, 500);
+
+    return () => {
+      unsub();
+      clearInterval(interval);
+    };
+  }, []);

  const seekFromClientX = useCallback(
    (clientX: number) => {
@@ -60,6 +65,10 @@ export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({
      if (!bar || duration <= 0) return;
      const rect = bar.getBoundingClientRect();
      const percent = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (clientX - rect.left) / rect.width));
+      // Immediately update progress bar visuals (don't wait for liveTime round-trip)
+      const pct = percent * 100;
+      if (progressFillRef.current) progressFillRef.current.style.width = `${pct}%`;
+      if (progressThumbRef.current) progressThumbRef.current.style.left = `${pct}%`;
      onSeek(percent * duration);
    },
    [duration, onSeek],
@@ -102,32 +111,42 @@ export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({
  );

  return (
-    <div className="px-3 py-2 flex items-center gap-3">
+    <div
+      className="px-4 py-2 flex items-center gap-3"
+      style={{ borderTop: "1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.04)" }}
+    >
+      {/* Play/Pause button */}
      <button
        type="button"
        aria-label={isPlaying ? "Pause" : "Play"}
        onClick={onTogglePlay}
        disabled={!timelineReady}
-        className="flex-shrink-0 w-7 h-7 flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-neutral-300 hover:text-white hover:bg-neutral-800 disabled:opacity-40 disabled:pointer-events-none transition-colors"
+        className="flex-shrink-0 w-8 h-8 flex items-center justify-center rounded-lg disabled:opacity-30 disabled:pointer-events-none transition-colors"
+        style={{ background: "rgba(255,255,255,0.06)" }}
      >
        {isPlaying ? (
-          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
+          <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#FAFAFA" aria-hidden="true">
            <rect x="6" y="4" width="4" height="16" rx="1" />
            <rect x="14" y="4" width="4" height="16" rx="1" />
          </svg>
        ) : (
-          <svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true">
-            <path d="M8 5v14l11-7z" />
+          <svg width="12" height="12" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="#FAFAFA" aria-hidden="true">
+            <polygon points="6,3 20,12 6,21" />
          </svg>
        )}
      </button>

-      <span className="text-neutral-500 font-mono text-xs tabular-nums flex-shrink-0 min-w-[80px]">
+      {/* Time display */}
+      <span
+        className="font-mono text-[11px] tabular-nums flex-shrink-0 min-w-[72px]"
+        style={{ color: "#A1A1AA" }}
+      >
        <span ref={timeDisplayRef}>{formatTime(0)}</span>
-        <span className="text-neutral-700 mx-0.5">/</span>
-        <span className="text-neutral-600">{formatTime(duration)}</span>
+        <span style={{ color: "#3F3F46", margin: "0 2px" }}>/</span>
+        <span style={{ color: "#52525B" }}>{formatTime(duration)}</span>
      </span>

+      {/* Seek bar — teal progress fill */}
      <div
        ref={seekBarRef}
        role="slider"
@@ -141,16 +160,24 @@ export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({
        onMouseDown={handleMouseDown}
        onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
      >
-        <div className="w-full h-[3px] bg-neutral-800 rounded-full relative">
+        <div
+          className="w-full rounded-full relative"
+          style={{ background: "rgba(255,255,255,0.15)", height: "3px" }}
+        >
+          {/* Progress fill — width is controlled imperatively via ref to avoid React re-render resets */}
          <div
            ref={progressFillRef}
-            className="absolute inset-y-0 left-0 bg-white/80 rounded-full"
-            style={{ width: 0 }}
+            className="absolute top-0 bottom-0 left-0 z-[1] rounded-full"
+            style={{ background: "linear-gradient(90deg, var(--hf-accent, #3CE6AC), #2BBFA0)" }}
          />
+          {/* Playhead thumb — left is controlled imperatively via ref */}
          <div
            ref={progressThumbRef}
-            className="absolute top-1/2 w-2 h-2 bg-white rounded-full -translate-y-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 group-focus-within:opacity-100 transition-opacity"
-            style={{ left: 0 }}
+            className="absolute top-1/2 z-[2] w-3 h-3 rounded-full -translate-y-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 transition-transform group-hover:scale-125"
+            style={{
+              background: "var(--hf-accent, #3CE6AC)",
+              boxShadow: "0 0 6px rgba(60,230,172,0.4), 0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.4)",
+            }}
          />
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -160,12 +187,16 @@ export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({
        <button
          type="button"
          onClick={() => setShowSpeedMenu((v) => !v)}
-          className="px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded text-[11px] font-mono tabular-nums text-neutral-500 hover:text-neutral-200 hover:bg-neutral-800 transition-colors"
+          className="px-2 py-1 rounded-md text-[10px] font-mono tabular-nums transition-colors"
+          style={{ color: "#71717A", background: "rgba(255,255,255,0.04)" }}
        >
          {playbackRate === 1 ? "1x" : `${playbackRate}x`}
        </button>
        {showSpeedMenu && (
-          <div className="absolute bottom-full right-0 mb-1 py-1 bg-neutral-900 border border-neutral-700 rounded-lg shadow-xl z-50 min-w-[60px]">
+          <div
+            className="absolute bottom-full right-0 mb-1.5 rounded-lg shadow-xl z-50 min-w-[56px] overflow-hidden"
+            style={{ background: "#161618", border: "1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08)" }}
+          >
            {SPEED_OPTIONS.map((rate) => (
              <button
                key={rate}
@@ -173,11 +204,18 @@ export const PlayerControls = memo(function PlayerControls({
                  setPlaybackRate(rate);
                  setShowSpeedMenu(false);
                }}
-                className={`block w-full px-3 py-1 text-xs text-left font-mono tabular-nums transition-colors ${
-                  rate === playbackRate
-                    ? "text-white bg-neutral-800"
-                    : "text-neutral-400 hover:text-white hover:bg-neutral-800"
-                }`}
+                className="block w-full px-3 py-1.5 text-[11px] text-left font-mono tabular-nums transition-colors"
+                style={{
+                  color: rate === playbackRate ? "#FAFAFA" : "#71717A",
+                  background: rate === playbackRate ? "rgba(255,255,255,0.06)" : "transparent",
+                }}
+                onMouseEnter={(e) => {
+                  if (rate !== playbackRate)
+                    e.currentTarget.style.background = "rgba(255,255,255,0.04)";
+                }}
+                onMouseLeave={(e) => {
+                  if (rate !== playbackRate) e.currentTarget.style.background = "transparent";
+                }}
              >
                {rate}x
              </button>
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import { generateTicks, formatTick } from "./Timeline";
+
+describe("generateTicks", () => {
+  it("returns empty arrays for duration <= 0", () => {
+    expect(generateTicks(0)).toEqual({ major: [], minor: [] });
+    expect(generateTicks(-5)).toEqual({ major: [], minor: [] });
+  });
+
+  it("generates ticks for a short duration (3 seconds)", () => {
+    const { major } = generateTicks(3);
+    expect(major.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    expect(major[0]).toBe(0);
+    expect(major).toContain(0);
+    expect(major).toContain(1);
+    expect(major).toContain(2);
+    expect(major).toContain(3);
+  });
+
+  it("generates ticks for a medium duration (10 seconds)", () => {
+    const { major, minor } = generateTicks(10);
+    expect(major).toContain(0);
+    expect(major).toContain(2);
+    expect(major).toContain(4);
+    expect(major).toContain(6);
+    expect(major).toContain(8);
+    expect(major).toContain(10);
+    expect(minor).toContain(1);
+    expect(minor).toContain(3);
+    expect(minor).toContain(5);
+  });
+
+  it("generates ticks for a long duration (120 seconds)", () => {
+    const { major, minor } = generateTicks(120);
+    expect(major).toContain(0);
+    expect(major).toContain(30);
+    expect(major).toContain(60);
+    expect(major).toContain(90);
+    expect(major).toContain(120);
+    expect(minor).toContain(15);
+    expect(minor).toContain(45);
+  });
+
+  it("generates ticks for a very long duration (500 seconds)", () => {
+    const { major } = generateTicks(500);
+    expect(major).toContain(0);
+    expect(major).toContain(60);
+    expect(major).toContain(120);
+  });
+
+  it("major and minor ticks do not overlap", () => {
+    const { major, minor } = generateTicks(30);
+    for (const t of minor) {
+      expect(major).not.toContain(t);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("all tick values are non-negative", () => {
+    const { major, minor } = generateTicks(60);
+    for (const t of [...major, ...minor]) {
+      expect(t).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(0);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("major ticks always start at 0", () => {
+    for (const d of [1, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, 300]) {
+      const { major } = generateTicks(d);
+      expect(major[0]).toBe(0);
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+describe("formatTick", () => {
+  it("formats 0 seconds as 0:00", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(0)).toBe("0:00");
+  });
+
+  it("formats seconds below a minute", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(5)).toBe("0:05");
+    expect(formatTick(30)).toBe("0:30");
+    expect(formatTick(59)).toBe("0:59");
+  });
+
+  it("formats exactly one minute", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(60)).toBe("1:00");
+  });
+
+  it("formats minutes and seconds", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(90)).toBe("1:30");
+    expect(formatTick(125)).toBe("2:05");
+  });
+
+  it("floors fractional seconds", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(5.7)).toBe("0:05");
+    expect(formatTick(59.9)).toBe("0:59");
+    expect(formatTick(90.5)).toBe("1:30");
+  });
+
+  it("handles large values", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(600)).toBe("10:00");
+    expect(formatTick(3661)).toBe("61:01");
+  });
+
+  it("zero-pads seconds to two digits", () => {
+    expect(formatTick(1)).toBe("0:01");
+    expect(formatTick(9)).toBe("0:09");
+    expect(formatTick(61)).toBe("1:01");
+  });
+});
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-import { useRef, useMemo, useCallback, useState, memo, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import { useRef, useMemo, useCallback, useState, memo, type ReactNode, useEffect } from "react";
 import { usePlayerStore, liveTime } from "../store/playerStore";
 import { useMountEffect } from "../lib/useMountEffect";
+import { TimelineClip } from "./TimelineClip";

 /* ── Layout ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 const GUTTER = 32;
-const TRACK_H = 28;
+const TRACK_H = 72;
 const RULER_H = 24;
-const CLIP_Y = 2; // vertical inset inside track
+const CLIP_Y = 3; // vertical inset inside track

 /* ── Vibrant Color System (Figma-inspired, dark-mode adapted) ──── */
 interface TrackStyle {
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ interface TrackStyle {
  icon: ReactNode;
 }

-/* ── Icons from Figma HyperFrames design system ── */
+/* ── Icons from Figma Motion Cut design system ── */
 const ICON_BASE = "/icons/timeline";
 function TimelineIcon({ src }: { src: string }) {
  return (
@@ -124,15 +125,21 @@ function getStyle(tag: string): TrackStyle {
 }

 /* ── Tick Generation ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
-function generateTicks(duration: number): { major: number[]; minor: number[] } {
-  if (duration <= 0) return { major: [], minor: [] };
+export function generateTicks(duration: number): { major: number[]; minor: number[] } {
+  if (duration <= 0 || !Number.isFinite(duration) || duration > 7200)
+    return { major: [], minor: [] };
  const intervals = [0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60];
  const target = duration / 6;
  const majorInterval = intervals.find((i) => i >= target) ?? 60;
-  const minorInterval = majorInterval / 2;
+  const minorInterval = Math.max(0.25, majorInterval / 2);
  const major: number[] = [];
  const minor: number[] = [];
-  for (let t = 0; t <= duration + 0.001; t += minorInterval) {
+  const maxTicks = 500; // Safety cap to prevent infinite loop
+  for (
+    let t = 0;
+    t <= duration + 0.001 && major.length + minor.length < maxTicks;
+    t += minorInterval
+  ) {
    const rounded = Math.round(t * 100) / 100;
    const isMajor =
      Math.abs(rounded % majorInterval) < 0.01 ||
@@ -143,7 +150,7 @@ function generateTicks(duration: number): { major: number[]; minor: number[] } {
  return { major, minor };
 }

-function formatTick(s: number): string {
+export function formatTick(s: number): string {
  const m = Math.floor(s / 60);
  const sec = Math.floor(s % 60);
  return `${m}:${sec.toString().padStart(2, "0")}`;
@@ -155,52 +162,172 @@ interface TimelineProps {
  onSeek?: (time: number) => void;
  /** Called when user double-clicks a composition clip to drill into it */
  onDrillDown?: (element: import("../store/playerStore").TimelineElement) => void;
+  /** Optional custom content renderer for clips (thumbnails, waveforms, etc.) */
+  renderClipContent?: (
+    element: import("../store/playerStore").TimelineElement,
+    style: { clip: string; label: string },
+  ) => ReactNode;
+  /** Optional overlay renderer for clips (e.g. badges, cursors) */
+  renderClipOverlay?: (element: import("../store/playerStore").TimelineElement) => ReactNode;
+  /** Called when files are dropped onto the empty timeline */
+  onFileDrop?: (files: File[]) => void;
+  /** Called when a clip is moved, resized, or changes track via drag */
+  onClipChange?: (
+    elementId: string,
+    updates: { start?: number; duration?: number; track?: number },
+  ) => void;
 }

-export const Timeline = memo(function Timeline({ onSeek, onDrillDown }: TimelineProps = {}) {
+export const Timeline = memo(function Timeline({
+  onSeek,
+  onDrillDown,
+  renderClipContent,
+  renderClipOverlay,
+  onFileDrop,
+}: TimelineProps = {}) {
  const elements = usePlayerStore((s) => s.elements);
  const duration = usePlayerStore((s) => s.duration);
  const timelineReady = usePlayerStore((s) => s.timelineReady);
  const selectedElementId = usePlayerStore((s) => s.selectedElementId);
  const setSelectedElementId = usePlayerStore((s) => s.setSelectedElementId);
+  const zoomMode = usePlayerStore((s) => s.zoomMode);
+  const manualPps = usePlayerStore((s) => s.pixelsPerSecond);
  const playheadRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  const containerRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const scrollRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  const [hoveredClip, setHoveredClip] = useState<string | null>(null);
  const isDragging = useRef(false);
+  const [viewportWidth, setViewportWidth] = useState(0);
+  const roRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);

-  const durationRef = useRef(duration);
-  durationRef.current = duration;
+  // Callback ref: sets up ResizeObserver when the DOM element actually mounts.
+  // useMountEffect can't work here because the component returns null on first
+  // render (timelineReady=false), so containerRef.current is null when the
+  // effect fires and the ResizeObserver is never created.
+  const setContainerRef = useCallback((el: HTMLDivElement | null) => {
+    if (roRef.current) {
+      roRef.current.disconnect();
+      roRef.current = null;
+    }
+    containerRef.current = el;
+    if (!el) return;
+    setViewportWidth(el.clientWidth);
+    roRef.current = new ResizeObserver(([entry]) => {
+      setViewportWidth(entry.contentRect.width);
+    });
+    roRef.current.observe(el);
+  }, []);
+
+  // Clean up ResizeObserver on unmount
+  useEffect(
+    () => () => {
+      roRef.current?.disconnect();
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  // Effective duration: max of store duration and the furthest element end.
+  // processTimelineMessage updates elements but not duration, so elements can
+  // extend beyond the store's duration — this ensures fit mode shows everything.
+  const effectiveDuration = useMemo(() => {
+    const safeDur = Number.isFinite(duration) ? duration : 0;
+    if (elements.length === 0) return safeDur;
+    const maxEnd = Math.max(...elements.map((el) => el.start + el.duration));
+    const result = Math.max(safeDur, maxEnd);
+    return Number.isFinite(result) ? result : safeDur;
+  }, [elements, duration]);
+
+  // Calculate effective pixels per second
+  // In fit mode, use clientWidth (excludes scrollbar) with a small padding
+  const fitPps =
+    viewportWidth > GUTTER && effectiveDuration > 0
+      ? (viewportWidth - GUTTER - 2) / effectiveDuration
+      : 100;
+  const pps = zoomMode === "fit" ? fitPps : manualPps;
+  const trackContentWidth = Math.max(0, effectiveDuration * pps);
+
+  const durationRef = useRef(effectiveDuration);
+  durationRef.current = effectiveDuration;
+  const ppsRef = useRef(pps);
+  ppsRef.current = pps;
  useMountEffect(() => {
    const unsub = liveTime.subscribe((t) => {
      const dur = durationRef.current;
      if (!playheadRef.current || dur <= 0) return;
-      const pct = (t / dur) * 100;
-      playheadRef.current.style.left = `calc(${GUTTER}px + (100% - ${GUTTER}px) * ${pct / 100})`;
+      const px = t * ppsRef.current;
+      playheadRef.current.style.left = `${GUTTER + px}px`;
+
+      // Auto-scroll to follow playhead during playback or seeking
+      const scroll = scrollRef.current;
+      if (scroll && !isDragging.current) {
+        const playheadX = GUTTER + px;
+        const visibleRight = scroll.scrollLeft + scroll.clientWidth;
+        const visibleLeft = scroll.scrollLeft;
+        const edgeMargin = scroll.clientWidth * 0.12;
+
+        if (playheadX > visibleRight - edgeMargin) {
+          // Playhead near right edge — page forward
+          scroll.scrollLeft = playheadX - scroll.clientWidth * 0.15;
+        } else if (playheadX < visibleLeft + GUTTER) {
+          // Playhead before visible area (e.g. loop) — jump back
+          scroll.scrollLeft = Math.max(0, playheadX - GUTTER);
+        }
+      }
    });
    return unsub;
  });

+  const dragScrollRaf = useRef(0);
+
  const seekFromX = useCallback(
    (clientX: number) => {
-      const el = containerRef.current;
-      if (!el || duration <= 0) return;
+      const el = scrollRef.current;
+      if (!el || effectiveDuration <= 0) return;
      const rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
-      const start = rect.left + GUTTER;
-      const w = rect.width - GUTTER;
-      if (w <= 0) return;
-      const pct = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (clientX - start) / w));
-      const time = pct * duration;
-      // Notify liveTime for instant visual update (direct DOM, no re-render)
+      const scrollLeft = el.scrollLeft;
+      const x = clientX - rect.left + scrollLeft - GUTTER;
+      if (x < 0) return;
+      const time = Math.max(0, Math.min(effectiveDuration, x / pps));
      liveTime.notify(time);
-      // Call parent's onSeek to actually seek the iframe/player
      onSeek?.(time);
    },
-    [duration, onSeek],
+    [effectiveDuration, onSeek, pps],
+  );
+
+  // Auto-scroll the timeline when dragging the playhead near edges
+  const autoScrollDuringDrag = useCallback(
+    (clientX: number) => {
+      cancelAnimationFrame(dragScrollRaf.current);
+      const el = scrollRef.current;
+      if (!el || !isDragging.current) return;
+      const rect = el.getBoundingClientRect();
+      const edgeZone = 40;
+      const maxSpeed = 12;
+      let scrollDelta = 0;
+
+      if (clientX < rect.left + edgeZone) {
+        // Near left edge — scroll left
+        const proximity = Math.max(0, 1 - (clientX - rect.left) / edgeZone);
+        scrollDelta = -maxSpeed * proximity;
+      } else if (clientX > rect.right - edgeZone) {
+        // Near right edge — scroll right
+        const proximity = Math.max(0, 1 - (rect.right - clientX) / edgeZone);
+        scrollDelta = maxSpeed * proximity;
+      }
+
+      if (scrollDelta !== 0) {
+        el.scrollLeft += scrollDelta;
+        seekFromX(clientX);
+        dragScrollRaf.current = requestAnimationFrame(() => autoScrollDuringDrag(clientX));
+      }
+    },
+    [seekFromX],
  );

  const handlePointerDown = useCallback(
    (e: React.PointerEvent) => {
      if ((e.target as HTMLElement).closest("[data-clip]")) return;
+      if (e.button !== 0) return;
      isDragging.current = true;
      (e.currentTarget as HTMLElement).setPointerCapture(e.pointerId);
      seekFromX(e.clientX);
@@ -209,12 +336,15 @@ export const Timeline = memo(function Timeline({ onSeek, onDrillDown }: Timeline
  );
  const handlePointerMove = useCallback(
    (e: React.PointerEvent) => {
-      if (isDragging.current) seekFromX(e.clientX);
+      if (!isDragging.current) return;
+      seekFromX(e.clientX);
+      autoScrollDuringDrag(e.clientX);
    },
-    [seekFromX],
+    [seekFromX, autoScrollDuringDrag],
  );
  const handlePointerUp = useCallback(() => {
    isDragging.current = false;
+    cancelAnimationFrame(dragScrollRaf.current);
  }, []);

  const tracks = useMemo(() => {
@@ -236,13 +366,101 @@ export const Timeline = memo(function Timeline({ onSeek, onDrillDown }: Timeline
    return map;
  }, [tracks]);

-  const { major, minor } = useMemo(() => generateTicks(duration), [duration]);
+  const { major, minor } = useMemo(() => generateTicks(effectiveDuration), [effectiveDuration]);

-  if (!timelineReady) return null;
-  if (elements.length === 0) {
+  const [isDragOver, setIsDragOver] = useState(false);
+
+  if (!timelineReady || elements.length === 0) {
    return (
-      <div className="px-3 py-3 text-2xs text-neutral-600 border-t border-neutral-800/50">
-        No timeline elements
+      <div
+        className={`h-full border-t bg-[#0a0a0b] flex flex-col select-none transition-colors duration-150 ${
+          isDragOver ? "border-blue-500/50 bg-blue-500/[0.03]" : "border-neutral-800/50"
+        }`}
+        onDragOver={(e) => {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          setIsDragOver(true);
+        }}
+        onDragLeave={() => setIsDragOver(false)}
+        onDrop={(e) => {
+          e.preventDefault();
+          setIsDragOver(false);
+          if (onFileDrop && e.dataTransfer.files.length > 0) {
+            onFileDrop(Array.from(e.dataTransfer.files));
+          }
+        }}
+      >
+        {/* Ruler */}
+        <div
+          className="flex-shrink-0 border-b border-neutral-800/40 flex items-end relative"
+          style={{ height: RULER_H, paddingLeft: GUTTER }}
+        >
+          {[0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50].map((s) => (
+            <div
+              key={s}
+              className="flex flex-col items-center"
+              style={{ position: "absolute", left: GUTTER + s * 14 }}
+            >
+              <span className="text-[9px] text-neutral-600 font-mono tabular-nums leading-none mb-0.5">
+                {`${Math.floor(s / 60)}:${(s % 60).toString().padStart(2, "0")}`}
+              </span>
+              <div className="w-px h-[5px] bg-neutral-700/40" />
+            </div>
+          ))}
+        </div>
+        {/* Empty drop zone */}
+        <div className="flex-1 flex items-center justify-center">
+          <div
+            className={`flex items-center gap-3 px-6 py-3 border border-dashed rounded-lg transition-colors duration-150 ${
+              isDragOver ? "border-blue-400/60 bg-blue-500/[0.06]" : "border-neutral-700/50"
+            }`}
+          >
+            {isDragOver ? (
+              <>
+                <svg
+                  width="18"
+                  height="18"
+                  viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                  fill="none"
+                  stroke="currentColor"
+                  strokeWidth="1.5"
+                  strokeLinecap="round"
+                  strokeLinejoin="round"
+                  className="text-blue-400 flex-shrink-0"
+                >
+                  <path d="M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4" />
+                  <polyline points="7 10 12 15 17 10" />
+                  <line x1="12" y1="15" x2="12" y2="3" />
+                </svg>
+                <span className="text-[13px] text-blue-400">Drop media files to import</span>
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              <>
+                <svg
+                  width="18"
+                  height="18"
+                  viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+                  fill="none"
+                  stroke="currentColor"
+                  strokeWidth="1.5"
+                  strokeLinecap="round"
+                  strokeLinejoin="round"
+                  className="text-neutral-600 flex-shrink-0"
+                >
+                  <rect x="2" y="2" width="20" height="20" rx="2" />
+                  <path d="M7 2v20" />
+                  <path d="M17 2v20" />
+                  <path d="M2 7h20" />
+                  <path d="M2 17h20" />
+                </svg>
+                <span className="text-[13px] text-neutral-500">
+                  {onFileDrop
+                    ? "Drop media here or describe your video to start"
+                    : "Describe your video to start creating"}
+                </span>
+              </>
+            )}
+          </div>
+        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
@@ -251,189 +469,195 @@ export const Timeline = memo(function Timeline({ onSeek, onDrillDown }: Timeline

  return (
    <div
-      ref={containerRef}
+      ref={setContainerRef}
      aria-label="Timeline"
-      className="border-t border-neutral-800/50 bg-[#0a0a0b] select-none overflow-x-hidden cursor-crosshair"
-      style={{ touchAction: "none" }}
-      onPointerDown={handlePointerDown}
-      onPointerMove={handlePointerMove}
-      onPointerUp={handlePointerUp}
+      className="border-t border-neutral-800/50 bg-[#0a0a0b] select-none cursor-crosshair h-full overflow-hidden"
+      style={{ touchAction: "pan-x pan-y" }}
    >
-      <div className="relative" style={{ height: totalH }}>
-        {/* Grid lines */}
-        <svg
-          className="absolute pointer-events-none"
-          style={{ left: GUTTER }}
-          width={`calc(100% - ${GUTTER}px)`}
-          height={totalH}
-        >
-          {major.map((t) => (
-            <line
-              key={`g-${t}`}
-              x1={`${(t / duration) * 100}%`}
-              y1={RULER_H}
-              x2={`${(t / duration) * 100}%`}
-              y2={totalH}
-              stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.035)"
-              strokeWidth="1"
-            />
-          ))}
-        </svg>
+      <div
+        ref={scrollRef}
+        className={`${zoomMode === "fit" ? "overflow-x-hidden" : "overflow-x-auto"} overflow-y-auto h-full`}
+        onPointerDown={handlePointerDown}
+        onPointerMove={handlePointerMove}
+        onPointerUp={handlePointerUp}
+        onLostPointerCapture={handlePointerUp}
+      >
+        <div className="relative" style={{ height: totalH, width: GUTTER + trackContentWidth }}>
+          {/* Grid lines */}
+          <svg
+            className="absolute pointer-events-none"
+            style={{ left: GUTTER, width: trackContentWidth }}
+            height={totalH}
+          >
+            {major.map((t) => {
+              const x = t * pps;
+              return (
+                <line
+                  key={`g-${t}`}
+                  x1={x}
+                  y1={RULER_H}
+                  x2={x}
+                  y2={totalH}
+                  stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.035)"
+                  strokeWidth="1"
+                />
+              );
+            })}
+          </svg>

-        {/* Ruler */}
-        <div
-          className="relative border-b border-neutral-800/40"
-          style={{ height: RULER_H, marginLeft: GUTTER }}
-        >
-          {minor.map((t) => (
-            <div
-              key={`m-${t}`}
-              className="absolute bottom-0"
-              style={{ left: `${(t / duration) * 100}%` }}
-            >
-              <div className="w-px h-[3px] bg-neutral-700/40" />
-            </div>
-          ))}
-          {major.map((t) => (
-            <div
-              key={`M-${t}`}
-              className="absolute bottom-0 flex flex-col items-center"
-              style={{ left: `${(t / duration) * 100}%` }}
-            >
-              <span className="text-[9px] text-neutral-500 font-mono tabular-nums leading-none mb-0.5">
-                {formatTick(t)}
-              </span>
-              <div className="w-px h-[5px] bg-neutral-600/60" />
-            </div>
-          ))}
-        </div>
-
-        {/* Tracks */}
-        {tracks.map(([trackNum, els]) => {
-          const ts = trackStyles.get(trackNum) ?? DEFAULT;
-          return (
-            <div
-              key={trackNum}
-              className="relative flex"
-              style={{ height: TRACK_H, backgroundColor: ts.row }}
-            >
-              {/* Gutter: colored icon badge (Figma HyperFrames style) */}
+          {/* Ruler */}
+          <div
+            className="relative border-b border-neutral-800/40 overflow-hidden"
+            style={{ height: RULER_H, marginLeft: GUTTER, width: trackContentWidth }}
+          >
+            {minor.map((t) => (
+              <div key={`m-${t}`} className="absolute bottom-0" style={{ left: t * pps }}>
+                <div className="w-px h-[3px] bg-neutral-700/40" />
+              </div>
+            ))}
+            {major.map((t) => (
              <div
-                className="flex-shrink-0 flex items-center justify-center"
-                style={{ width: GUTTER }}
+                key={`M-${t}`}
+                className="absolute bottom-0 flex flex-col items-center"
+                style={{ left: t * pps }}
              >
+                <span className="text-[9px] text-neutral-500 font-mono tabular-nums leading-none mb-0.5">
+                  {formatTick(t)}
+                </span>
+                <div className="w-px h-[5px] bg-neutral-600/60" />
+              </div>
+            ))}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* Tracks */}
+          {tracks.map(([trackNum, els]) => {
+            const ts = trackStyles.get(trackNum) ?? DEFAULT;
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={trackNum}
+                className="relative flex"
+                style={{ height: TRACK_H, backgroundColor: ts.row }}
+              >
+                {/* Gutter: colored icon badge (Figma Motion Cut style) */}
                <div
-                  className="flex items-center justify-center"
-                  style={{
-                    width: 20,
-                    height: 20,
-                    borderRadius: 6,
-                    backgroundColor: ts.gutter,
-                    border: "1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35)",
-                    color: "#fff",
-                  }}
+                  className="flex-shrink-0 flex items-center justify-center"
+                  style={{ width: GUTTER }}
                >
-                  {ts.icon}
+                  <div
+                    className="flex items-center justify-center"
+                    style={{
+                      width: 20,
+                      height: 20,
+                      borderRadius: 6,
+                      backgroundColor: ts.gutter,
+                      border: "1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35)",
+                      color: "#fff",
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    {ts.icon}
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+
+                {/* Clips */}
+                <div style={{ width: trackContentWidth }} className="relative">
+                  {els.map((el, i) => {
+                    const clipStyle = getStyle(el.tag);
+                    const isSelected = selectedElementId === el.id;
+                    const isComposition = !!el.compositionSrc;
+                    const clipKey = `${el.id}-${i}`;
+                    const isHovered = hoveredClip === clipKey;
+                    const hasCustomContent = !!renderClipContent;
+                    const clipWidthPx = Math.max(el.duration * pps, 4);
+
+                    return (
+                      <TimelineClip
+                        key={clipKey}
+                        el={el}
+                        pps={pps}
+                        trackH={TRACK_H}
+                        clipY={CLIP_Y}
+                        isSelected={isSelected}
+                        isHovered={isHovered}
+                        hasCustomContent={hasCustomContent}
+                        style={clipStyle}
+                        isComposition={isComposition}
+                        onHoverStart={() => setHoveredClip(clipKey)}
+                        onHoverEnd={() => setHoveredClip(null)}
+                        onClick={(e) => {
+                          e.stopPropagation();
+                          setSelectedElementId(isSelected ? null : el.id);
+                        }}
+                        onDoubleClick={(e) => {
+                          e.stopPropagation();
+                          if (isComposition && onDrillDown) onDrillDown(el);
+                        }}
+                      >
+                        {renderClipOverlay?.(el)}
+                        <div
+                          className={
+                            renderClipContent
+                              ? "absolute inset-0 overflow-hidden rounded-[4px]"
+                              : "flex items-center overflow-hidden flex-1 min-w-0"
+                          }
+                        >
+                          {renderClipContent?.(el, clipStyle) ?? (
+                            <>
+                              <span
+                                className="text-[10px] font-semibold truncate px-1.5 leading-none"
+                                style={{ color: clipStyle.label }}
+                              >
+                                {el.id || el.tag}
+                              </span>
+                              {clipWidthPx > 60 && (
+                                <span
+                                  className="text-[9px] font-mono tabular-nums pr-1.5 ml-auto flex-shrink-0 leading-none opacity-70"
+                                  style={{ color: clipStyle.label }}
+                                >
+                                  {el.duration.toFixed(1)}s
+                                </span>
+                              )}
+                            </>
+                          )}
+                        </div>
+                      </TimelineClip>
+                    );
+                  })}
                </div>
              </div>
+            );
+          })}

-              {/* Clips */}
-              <div className="flex-1 relative">
-                {els.map((el, i) => {
-                  const leftPct = (el.start / duration) * 100;
-                  const widthPct = (el.duration / duration) * 100;
-                  const style = getStyle(el.tag);
-                  const isSelected = selectedElementId === el.id;
-                  const isComposition = !!el.compositionSrc;
-                  const clipKey = `${el.id}-${i}`;
-                  const isHovered = hoveredClip === clipKey;
-
-                  return (
-                    <div
-                      key={clipKey}
-                      data-clip="true"
-                      className="absolute flex items-center overflow-hidden"
-                      style={{
-                        left: `${leftPct}%`,
-                        width: `${Math.max(widthPct, 1)}%`,
-                        top: CLIP_Y,
-                        bottom: CLIP_Y,
-                        borderRadius: 5,
-                        backgroundColor: style.clip,
-                        backgroundImage: isComposition
-                          ? `repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, transparent, transparent 3px, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 3px, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 6px)`
-                          : undefined,
-                        border: isSelected
-                          ? `2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.9)`
-                          : `1px solid rgba(255,255,255,${isHovered ? 0.3 : 0.15})`,
-                        boxShadow: isSelected
-                          ? `0 0 0 1px ${style.clip}, 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.4)`
-                          : isHovered
-                            ? "0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)"
-                            : "none",
-                        cursor: "pointer",
-                        transition: "border-color 120ms, box-shadow 120ms, transform 80ms",
-                        transform: isHovered && !isSelected ? "scaleY(1.04)" : "scaleY(1)",
-                        zIndex: isSelected ? 10 : isHovered ? 5 : 1,
-                      }}
-                      title={
-                        isComposition
-                          ? `${el.compositionSrc} \u2022 Double-click to open`
-                          : `${el.id || el.tag} \u2022 ${el.start.toFixed(1)}s \u2013 ${(el.start + el.duration).toFixed(1)}s`
-                      }
-                      onPointerEnter={() => setHoveredClip(clipKey)}
-                      onPointerLeave={() => setHoveredClip(null)}
-                      onPointerDown={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
-                      onClick={(e) => {
-                        e.stopPropagation();
-                        setSelectedElementId(isSelected ? null : el.id);
-                      }}
-                      onDoubleClick={(e) => {
-                        e.stopPropagation();
-                        if (isComposition && onDrillDown) {
-                          onDrillDown(el);
-                        }
-                      }}
-                    >
-                      <span
-                        className="text-[10px] font-semibold truncate px-1.5 leading-none"
-                        style={{ color: style.label }}
-                      >
-                        {el.id || el.tag}
-                      </span>
-                      {widthPct > 10 && (
-                        <span
-                          className="text-[9px] font-mono tabular-nums pr-1.5 ml-auto flex-shrink-0 leading-none opacity-70"
-                          style={{ color: style.label }}
-                        >
-                          {el.duration.toFixed(1)}s
-                        </span>
-                      )}
-                    </div>
-                  );
-                })}
-              </div>
-            </div>
-          );
-        })}
-
-        {/* Playhead */}
-        <div
-          ref={playheadRef}
-          className="absolute top-0 bottom-0 z-20 pointer-events-none"
-          style={{ left: `${GUTTER}px` }}
-        >
-          <div className="absolute top-0 bottom-0 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 w-px bg-white/90" />
-          <div className="absolute left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2" style={{ top: 0 }}>
+          {/* Playhead — z-[100] to stay above all clips (which use z-1 to z-10) */}
+          <div
+            ref={playheadRef}
+            className="absolute top-0 bottom-0 pointer-events-none"
+            style={{ left: `${GUTTER}px`, zIndex: 100 }}
+          >
            <div
+              className="absolute top-0 bottom-0"
              style={{
-                width: 0,
-                height: 0,
-                borderLeft: "5px solid transparent",
-                borderRight: "5px solid transparent",
-                borderTop: "7px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.95)",
+                left: "50%",
+                width: 2,
+                marginLeft: -1,
+                background: "var(--hf-accent, #3CE6AC)",
+                boxShadow: "0 0 8px rgba(60,230,172,0.5)",
              }}
            />
+            <div
+              className="absolute"
+              style={{ left: "50%", top: 0, transform: "translateX(-50%)" }}
+            >
+              <div
+                style={{
+                  width: 0,
+                  height: 0,
+                  borderLeft: "6px solid transparent",
+                  borderRight: "6px solid transparent",
+                  borderTop: "8px solid var(--hf-accent, #3CE6AC)",
+                  filter: "drop-shadow(0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.6))",
+                }}
+              />
+            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// TimelineClip — Visual clip component for the NLE timeline.
+
+import { memo, type ReactNode } from "react";
+import type { TimelineElement } from "../store/playerStore";
+
+interface TimelineClipProps {
+  el: TimelineElement;
+  pps: number;
+  trackH: number;
+  clipY: number;
+  isSelected: boolean;
+  isHovered: boolean;
+  hasCustomContent: boolean;
+  style: { clip: string; label: string };
+  isComposition: boolean;
+  onHoverStart: () => void;
+  onHoverEnd: () => void;
+  onClick: (e: React.MouseEvent) => void;
+  onDoubleClick: (e: React.MouseEvent) => void;
+  children?: ReactNode;
+}
+
+export const TimelineClip = memo(function TimelineClip({
+  el,
+  pps,
+  clipY,
+  isSelected,
+  isHovered,
+  hasCustomContent,
+  style,
+  isComposition,
+  onHoverStart,
+  onHoverEnd,
+  onClick,
+  onDoubleClick,
+  children,
+}: TimelineClipProps) {
+  const leftPx = el.start * pps;
+  const widthPx = Math.max(el.duration * pps, 4);
+
+  return (
+    <div
+      data-clip="true"
+      className={hasCustomContent ? "absolute" : "absolute flex items-center"}
+      style={{
+        left: leftPx,
+        width: widthPx,
+        top: clipY,
+        bottom: clipY,
+        borderRadius: 5,
+        backgroundColor: hasCustomContent ? (isComposition ? "#111" : style.clip) : style.clip,
+        backgroundImage:
+          isComposition && !hasCustomContent
+            ? `repeating-linear-gradient(135deg, transparent, transparent 3px, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 3px, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 6px)`
+            : undefined,
+        border: isSelected
+          ? "2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.9)"
+          : `1px solid rgba(255,255,255,${isHovered ? 0.3 : 0.15})`,
+        boxShadow: isSelected
+          ? `0 0 0 1px ${style.clip}, 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.4)`
+          : isHovered
+            ? "0 1px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)"
+            : "none",
+        transition: "border-color 120ms, box-shadow 120ms",
+        zIndex: isSelected ? 10 : isHovered ? 5 : 1,
+        cursor: "pointer",
+      }}
+      title={
+        isComposition
+          ? `${el.compositionSrc} \u2022 Double-click to open`
+          : `${el.id || el.tag} \u2022 ${el.start.toFixed(1)}s \u2013 ${(el.start + el.duration).toFixed(1)}s`
+      }
+      onPointerEnter={onHoverStart}
+      onPointerLeave={onHoverEnd}
+      onClick={onClick}
+      onDoubleClick={onDoubleClick}
+    >
+      {children}
+    </div>
+  );
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { memo, useRef, useState, useCallback, useEffect } from "react";
+
+interface VideoThumbnailProps {
+  videoSrc: string;
+  label: string;
+  labelColor: string;
+  duration?: number;
+}
+
+const CLIP_HEIGHT = 66;
+const MAX_UNIQUE_FRAMES: number = 6;
+
+/**
+ * Renders a film-strip of video frames extracted client-side via a hidden
+ * <video> + <canvas>. Each frame is a fixed-width tile; frames repeat to
+ * fill the clip width — matching ClipThumbnail's visual pattern.
+ */
+export const VideoThumbnail = memo(function VideoThumbnail({
+  videoSrc,
+  label,
+  labelColor,
+  duration = 5,
+}: VideoThumbnailProps) {
+  const [containerWidth, setContainerWidth] = useState(0);
+  const [visible, setVisible] = useState(false);
+  const [frames, setFrames] = useState<string[]>([]);
+  const [aspect, setAspect] = useState(16 / 9);
+  const ioRef = useRef<IntersectionObserver | null>(null);
+  const roRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);
+  const extractingRef = useRef(false);
+
+  const setContainerRef = useCallback((el: HTMLDivElement | null) => {
+    ioRef.current?.disconnect();
+    roRef.current?.disconnect();
+    if (!el) return;
+
+    const measured = el.parentElement?.clientWidth || el.clientWidth;
+    setContainerWidth(measured);
+
+    ioRef.current = new IntersectionObserver(
+      ([entry]) => {
+        if (entry.isIntersecting) {
+          setVisible(true);
+          ioRef.current?.disconnect();
+        }
+      },
+      { rootMargin: "200px" },
+    );
+    ioRef.current.observe(el);
+
+    const target = el.parentElement || el;
+    roRef.current = new ResizeObserver(([entry]) => {
+      setContainerWidth(entry.contentRect.width);
+    });
+    roRef.current.observe(target);
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(
+    () => () => {
+      ioRef.current?.disconnect();
+      roRef.current?.disconnect();
+    },
+    [],
+  );
+
+  // Extract frames progressively — each frame appears as soon as it's ready
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!visible || extractingRef.current) return;
+    extractingRef.current = true;
+
+    const video = document.createElement("video");
+    video.crossOrigin = "anonymous";
+    video.muted = true;
+    video.preload = "auto";
+
+    const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+    const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
+    if (!ctx) {
+      extractingRef.current = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const timestamps: number[] = [];
+    const minSeek = Math.min(0.4, duration * 0.05);
+    for (let i = 0; i < MAX_UNIQUE_FRAMES; i++) {
+      const raw =
+        MAX_UNIQUE_FRAMES === 1 ? duration * 0.15 : (i / (MAX_UNIQUE_FRAMES - 1)) * duration;
+      timestamps.push(Math.max(raw, minSeek));
+    }
+
+    let idx = 0;
+    let cancelled = false;
+
+    const extractNext = () => {
+      if (cancelled || idx >= timestamps.length) {
+        if (!cancelled) {
+          video.src = "";
+          video.load();
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+      video.currentTime = timestamps[idx];
+    };
+
+    video.addEventListener("loadedmetadata", () => {
+      if (video.videoWidth > 0 && video.videoHeight > 0) {
+        setAspect(video.videoWidth / video.videoHeight);
+        const h = CLIP_HEIGHT * 2;
+        const w = Math.round(h * (video.videoWidth / video.videoHeight));
+        canvas.width = w;
+        canvas.height = h;
+      }
+      extractNext();
+    });
+
+    video.addEventListener("seeked", () => {
+      if (cancelled) return;
+      ctx.drawImage(video, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+      const dataUrl = canvas.toDataURL("image/jpeg", 0.6);
+      // Stream each frame immediately
+      setFrames((prev) => [...prev, dataUrl]);
+      idx++;
+      extractNext();
+    });
+
+    video.addEventListener("error", () => {
+      /* keep whatever frames we have */
+    });
+
+    video.src = videoSrc;
+    video.load();
+
+    return () => {
+      cancelled = true;
+      extractingRef.current = false;
+      setFrames([]);
+      video.src = "";
+      video.load();
+    };
+  }, [visible, videoSrc, duration]);
+
+  const frameW = Math.round(CLIP_HEIGHT * aspect);
+  const frameCount = containerWidth > 0 ? Math.max(1, Math.ceil(containerWidth / frameW)) : 1;
+
+  return (
+    <div ref={setContainerRef} className="absolute inset-0 overflow-hidden">
+      {visible && frames.length > 0 && (
+        <div className="absolute inset-0 flex">
+          {Array.from({ length: frameCount }).map((_, i) => {
+            const src = frames[i % frames.length];
+            return (
+              <div
+                key={i}
+                className="flex-shrink-0 h-full relative overflow-hidden bg-neutral-900"
+                style={{ width: frameW }}
+              >
+                <img
+                  src={src}
+                  alt=""
+                  draggable={false}
+                  className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full object-cover"
+                />
+              </div>
+            );
+          })}
+        </div>
+      )}
+
+      {visible && frames.length === 0 && (
+        <div
+          className="absolute inset-0 animate-pulse"
+          style={{
+            background:
+              "linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.05) 50%, rgba(255,255,255,0.02) 100%)",
+          }}
+        />
+      )}
+
+      <div
+        className="absolute bottom-0 left-0 right-0 z-10 px-1.5 pb-0.5 pt-3"
+        style={{
+          background:
+            "linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.85) 0%, rgba(0,0,0,0.4) 60%, transparent 100%)",
+        }}
+      >
+        <span
+          className="text-[9px] font-semibold truncate block leading-tight"
+          style={{ color: labelColor, textShadow: "0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" }}
+        >
+          {label}
+        </span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+});
@@ -81,6 +81,71 @@ function wrapTimeline(tl: TimelineLike): PlaybackAdapter {
  };
 }

+/**
+ * Parse [data-start] elements from a Document into TimelineElement[].
+ * Shared helper — used by onIframeLoad fallback, handleMessage, and enrichMissingCompositions.
+ */
+function parseTimelineFromDOM(doc: Document, rootDuration: number): TimelineElement[] {
+  const rootComp = doc.querySelector("[data-composition-id]");
+  const nodes = doc.querySelectorAll("[data-start]");
+  const els: TimelineElement[] = [];
+  let trackCounter = 0;
+
+  nodes.forEach((node) => {
+    if (node === rootComp) return;
+    const el = node as HTMLElement;
+    const startStr = el.getAttribute("data-start");
+    if (startStr == null) return;
+    const start = parseFloat(startStr);
+    if (isNaN(start)) return;
+
+    const tagLower = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+    let dur = 0;
+    const durStr = el.getAttribute("data-duration");
+    if (durStr != null) dur = parseFloat(durStr);
+    if (isNaN(dur) || dur <= 0) dur = Math.max(0, rootDuration - start);
+
+    const trackStr = el.getAttribute("data-track-index");
+    const track = trackStr != null ? parseInt(trackStr, 10) : trackCounter++;
+    const entry: TimelineElement = {
+      id: el.id || el.className?.split(" ")[0] || tagLower,
+      tag: tagLower,
+      start,
+      duration: dur,
+      track: isNaN(track) ? 0 : track,
+    };
+
+    // Media elements
+    if (tagLower === "video" || tagLower === "audio" || tagLower === "img") {
+      const src = el.getAttribute("src");
+      if (src) entry.src = src;
+      const ms = el.getAttribute("data-media-start");
+      if (ms) entry.playbackStart = parseFloat(ms);
+      const vol = el.getAttribute("data-volume");
+      if (vol) entry.volume = parseFloat(vol);
+    }
+
+    // Sub-compositions
+    const compSrc =
+      el.getAttribute("data-composition-src") || el.getAttribute("data-composition-file");
+    const compId = el.getAttribute("data-composition-id");
+    if (compSrc) {
+      entry.compositionSrc = compSrc;
+    } else if (compId && compId !== rootComp?.getAttribute("data-composition-id")) {
+      // Inline composition — expose inner video for thumbnails
+      const innerVideo = el.querySelector("video[src]");
+      if (innerVideo) {
+        entry.src = innerVideo.getAttribute("src") || undefined;
+        entry.tag = "video";
+      }
+    }
+
+    els.push(entry);
+  });
+
+  return els;
+}
+
 function normalizePreviewViewport(doc: Document, win: Window): void {
  if (doc.documentElement) {
    doc.documentElement.style.overflow = "hidden";
@@ -136,13 +201,8 @@ function unmutePreviewMedia(iframe: HTMLIFrameElement | null): void {
      { source: "hf-parent", type: "control", action: "set-muted", muted: false },
      "*",
    );
-    // Fallback for CDN runtime that still uses the old source name
-    iframe.contentWindow?.postMessage(
-      { source: "hf-parent", type: "control", action: "set-muted", muted: false },
-      "*",
-    );
-  } catch {
-    /* ignore */
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.warn("[useTimelinePlayer] Failed to unmute preview media", err);
  }
 }

@@ -155,7 +215,7 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {

  // ZERO store subscriptions — this hook never causes re-renders.
  // All reads use getState() (point-in-time), all writes use the stable setters.
-  const { setIsPlaying, setCurrentTime, setDuration, setTimelineReady, setElements, reset } =
+  const { setIsPlaying, setCurrentTime, setDuration, setTimelineReady, setElements } =
    usePlayerStore.getState();

  const getAdapter = useCallback((): PlaybackAdapter | null => {
@@ -175,7 +235,8 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
      }

      return null;
-    } catch {
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.warn("[useTimelinePlayer] Could not get playback adapter (cross-origin)", err);
      return null;
    }
  }, []);
@@ -211,10 +272,6 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
      { source: "hf-parent", type: "control", action: "set-playback-rate", playbackRate: rate },
      "*",
    );
-    iframe.contentWindow?.postMessage(
-      { source: "hf-parent", type: "control", action: "set-playback-rate", playbackRate: rate },
-      "*",
-    );
    // Also set directly on GSAP timeline if accessible
    try {
      const win = iframe.contentWindow as IframeWindow | null;
@@ -228,8 +285,8 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
          }
        }
      }
-    } catch {
-      /* cross-origin */
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.warn("[useTimelinePlayer] Could not set playback rate (cross-origin)", err);
    }
  }, []);

@@ -250,9 +307,10 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
    const adapter = getAdapter();
    if (!adapter) return;
    adapter.pause();
+    setCurrentTime(adapter.getTime()); // sync store so Split/Delete have accurate time
    setIsPlaying(false);
    stopRAFLoop();
-  }, [getAdapter, setIsPlaying, stopRAFLoop]);
+  }, [getAdapter, setCurrentTime, setIsPlaying, stopRAFLoop]);

  const togglePlay = useCallback(() => {
    if (usePlayerStore.getState().isPlaying) {
@@ -268,41 +326,198 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
      if (!adapter) return;
      adapter.seek(time);
      liveTime.notify(time); // Direct DOM updates (playhead, timecode, progress) — no re-render
+      setCurrentTime(time); // sync store so Split/Delete have accurate time
      stopRAFLoop();
      // Only update store if state actually changes (avoids unnecessary re-renders)
      if (usePlayerStore.getState().isPlaying) setIsPlaying(false);
    },
-    [getAdapter, setIsPlaying, stopRAFLoop],
+    [getAdapter, setCurrentTime, setIsPlaying, stopRAFLoop],
  );

  // Convert a runtime timeline message (from iframe postMessage) into TimelineElements
  const processTimelineMessage = useCallback(
    (data: { clips: ClipManifestClip[]; durationInFrames: number }) => {
-      if (!data.clips || data.clips.length === 0) return;
+      if (!data.clips || data.clips.length === 0) {
+        return;
+      }

-      // Show only root-level clips: those with no parentCompositionId (direct children of root).
-      // Sub-composition children (parentCompositionId !== null) belong to the drill-down view.
-      const els: TimelineElement[] = data.clips
-        .filter((clip) => !clip.parentCompositionId)
-        .map((clip) => {
-          const entry: TimelineElement = {
-            id: clip.id || clip.label || clip.tagName || "element",
-            tag: clip.tagName || clip.kind,
-            start: clip.start,
-            duration: clip.duration,
-            track: clip.track,
-          };
-          if (clip.assetUrl) entry.src = clip.assetUrl;
-          if (clip.kind === "composition" && clip.compositionId) {
-            entry.compositionSrc = clip.compositionSrc || `compositions/${clip.compositionId}.html`;
+      // Show root-level clips: no parentCompositionId, OR parent is a "phantom wrapper"
+      const clipCompositionIds = new Set(data.clips.map((c) => c.compositionId).filter(Boolean));
+      const filtered = data.clips.filter(
+        (clip) => !clip.parentCompositionId || !clipCompositionIds.has(clip.parentCompositionId),
+      );
+      const els: TimelineElement[] = filtered.map((clip) => {
+        const entry: TimelineElement = {
+          id: clip.id || clip.label || clip.tagName || "element",
+          tag: clip.tagName || clip.kind,
+          start: clip.start,
+          duration: clip.duration,
+          track: clip.track,
+        };
+        if (clip.assetUrl) entry.src = clip.assetUrl;
+        if (clip.kind === "composition" && clip.compositionId) {
+          // The bundler renames data-composition-src to data-composition-file
+          // after inlining, so the clip manifest may not have compositionSrc.
+          // Fall back to reading data-composition-file from the DOM.
+          let resolvedSrc = clip.compositionSrc;
+          let hostEl: Element | null = null;
+          if (!resolvedSrc) {
+            try {
+              const iframeDoc = iframeRef.current?.contentDocument;
+              hostEl =
+                iframeDoc?.querySelector(`[data-composition-id="${clip.compositionId}"]`) ?? null;
+              resolvedSrc = hostEl?.getAttribute("data-composition-file") ?? null;
+            } catch {
+              /* cross-origin */
+            }
          }
-          return entry;
-        });
+          if (resolvedSrc) {
+            entry.compositionSrc = resolvedSrc;
+          } else if (hostEl) {
+            // Inline composition (no external file) — expose inner video for thumbnails
+            const innerVideo = hostEl.querySelector("video[src]");
+            if (innerVideo) {
+              entry.src = innerVideo.getAttribute("src") || undefined;
+              entry.tag = "video";
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        return entry;
+      });
+      // Don't downgrade: if we already have more elements with a longer duration,
+      // skip updates that would show fewer clips (transient runtime state).
+      const currentElements = usePlayerStore.getState().elements;
+      const currentDuration = usePlayerStore.getState().duration;
+      const rawDuration = data.durationInFrames / 30;
+      // Clamp non-finite or absurdly large durations — the runtime can emit
+      // Infinity when it detects a loop-inflated GSAP timeline without an
+      // explicit data-duration on the root composition.
+      const newDuration = Number.isFinite(rawDuration) ? rawDuration : 0;
+      if (currentElements.length > els.length && newDuration <= currentDuration) {
+        return; // skip transient downgrade
+      }
      setElements(els);
+      // Ensure duration covers the furthest clip end so fit-zoom shows everything
+      if (els.length > 0) {
+        const maxEnd = Math.max(...els.map((e) => e.start + e.duration));
+        const effectiveDur = Math.max(newDuration, maxEnd);
+        if (Number.isFinite(effectiveDur) && effectiveDur > currentDuration)
+          setDuration(effectiveDur);
+      }
+      if (els.length > 0) setTimelineReady(true);
    },
-    [setElements],
+    [setElements, setTimelineReady, setDuration],
  );

+  /**
+   * Scan the iframe DOM for composition hosts missing from the current
+   * timeline elements and add them.  The CDN runtime often fails to resolve
+   * element-reference starts (`data-start="intro"`) so composition hosts
+   * are silently dropped from `__clipManifest`.  This pass reads the DOM +
+   * GSAP timeline registry directly to fill the gaps.
+   */
+  const enrichMissingCompositions = useCallback(() => {
+    try {
+      const iframe = iframeRef.current;
+      const doc = iframe?.contentDocument;
+      const iframeWin = iframe?.contentWindow as IframeWindow | null;
+      if (!doc || !iframeWin) return;
+
+      const currentEls = usePlayerStore.getState().elements;
+      const existingIds = new Set(currentEls.map((e) => e.id));
+      const rootComp = doc.querySelector("[data-composition-id]");
+      const rootCompId = rootComp?.getAttribute("data-composition-id");
+      // Use [data-composition-id][data-start] — the composition loader strips
+      // data-composition-src after loading, so we can't rely on it.
+      const hosts = doc.querySelectorAll("[data-composition-id][data-start]");
+      const missing: TimelineElement[] = [];
+
+      hosts.forEach((host) => {
+        const el = host as HTMLElement;
+        const compId = el.getAttribute("data-composition-id");
+        if (!compId || compId === rootCompId) return;
+        if (existingIds.has(el.id) || existingIds.has(compId)) return;
+
+        // Resolve start: numeric or element-reference
+        const startAttr = el.getAttribute("data-start") ?? "0";
+        let start = parseFloat(startAttr);
+        if (isNaN(start)) {
+          const ref =
+            doc.getElementById(startAttr) ||
+            doc.querySelector(`[data-composition-id="${startAttr}"]`);
+          if (ref) {
+            const refStartAttr = ref.getAttribute("data-start") ?? "0";
+            let refStart = parseFloat(refStartAttr);
+            // Recursively resolve one level of reference for the ref's own start
+            if (isNaN(refStart)) {
+              const refRef =
+                doc.getElementById(refStartAttr) ||
+                doc.querySelector(`[data-composition-id="${refStartAttr}"]`);
+              const rrStart = parseFloat(refRef?.getAttribute("data-start") ?? "0") || 0;
+              const rrCompId = refRef?.getAttribute("data-composition-id");
+              const rrDur =
+                parseFloat(refRef?.getAttribute("data-duration") ?? "") ||
+                (rrCompId
+                  ? ((
+                      iframeWin.__timelines?.[rrCompId] as TimelineLike | undefined
+                    )?.duration?.() ?? 0)
+                  : 0);
+              refStart = rrStart + rrDur;
+            }
+            const refCompId = ref.getAttribute("data-composition-id");
+            const refDur =
+              parseFloat(ref.getAttribute("data-duration") ?? "") ||
+              (refCompId
+                ? ((iframeWin.__timelines?.[refCompId] as TimelineLike | undefined)?.duration?.() ??
+                  0)
+                : 0);
+            start = refStart + refDur;
+          } else {
+            start = 0;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Resolve duration from data-duration or GSAP timeline
+        let dur = parseFloat(el.getAttribute("data-duration") ?? "");
+        if (isNaN(dur) || dur <= 0) {
+          dur = (iframeWin.__timelines?.[compId] as TimelineLike | undefined)?.duration?.() ?? 0;
+        }
+        if (!Number.isFinite(dur) || dur <= 0) return;
+        if (!Number.isFinite(start)) start = 0;
+
+        const trackStr = el.getAttribute("data-track-index");
+        const track = trackStr != null ? parseInt(trackStr, 10) : 0;
+        const compSrc =
+          el.getAttribute("data-composition-src") || el.getAttribute("data-composition-file");
+        const entry: TimelineElement = {
+          id: el.id || compId,
+          tag: el.tagName.toLowerCase(),
+          start,
+          duration: dur,
+          track: isNaN(track) ? 0 : track,
+        };
+        if (compSrc) {
+          entry.compositionSrc = compSrc;
+        } else {
+          // Inline composition — expose inner video for thumbnails
+          const innerVideo = el.querySelector("video[src]");
+          if (innerVideo) {
+            entry.src = innerVideo.getAttribute("src") || undefined;
+            entry.tag = "video";
+          }
+        }
+        missing.push(entry);
+      });
+
+      if (missing.length > 0) {
+        setElements([...currentEls, ...missing]);
+        setTimelineReady(true);
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      console.warn("[useTimelinePlayer] enrichMissingCompositions failed", err);
+    }
+  }, [setElements, setTimelineReady]);
+
  const onIframeLoad = useCallback(() => {
    unmutePreviewMedia(iframeRef.current);

@@ -323,7 +538,8 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
        const startTime = seekTo != null ? Math.min(seekTo, adapter.getDuration()) : 0;

        adapter.seek(startTime);
-        setDuration(adapter.getDuration());
+        const adapterDur = adapter.getDuration();
+        if (Number.isFinite(adapterDur) && adapterDur > 0) setDuration(adapterDur);
        setCurrentTime(startTime);
        if (!isRefreshingRef.current) {
          setTimelineReady(true);
@@ -343,55 +559,57 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
          const manifest = iframeWin?.__clipManifest;
          if (manifest && manifest.clips.length > 0) {
            processTimelineMessage(manifest);
-          } else if (doc) {
+          }
+          // Enrich: fill in composition hosts the manifest missed
+          enrichMissingCompositions();
+
+          // Run DOM fallback if still no elements were populated
+          // (manifest may exist but all clips filtered out by parentCompositionId logic)
+          if (usePlayerStore.getState().elements.length === 0 && doc) {
            // Fallback: parse data-start elements directly from DOM (raw HTML without runtime)
+            const els = parseTimelineFromDOM(doc, adapter.getDuration());
+            if (els.length > 0) {
+              setElements(els);
+              setTimelineReady(true);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Final fallback for standalone composition previews: if still no
+          // elements, build timeline entries from the DOM inside the root
+          // composition. This ensures the timeline always shows content when
+          // viewing a single composition (where elements lack data-start).
+          if (usePlayerStore.getState().elements.length === 0 && doc) {
            const rootComp = doc.querySelector("[data-composition-id]");
-            const nodes = doc.querySelectorAll("[data-start]");
-            const els: TimelineElement[] = [];
-            let trackCounter = 0;
            const rootDuration = adapter.getDuration();
-            nodes.forEach((node) => {
-              if (node === rootComp) return;
-              const el = node as HTMLElement;
-              const startStr = el.getAttribute("data-start");
-              if (startStr == null) return;
-              const start = parseFloat(startStr);
-              if (isNaN(start)) return;
-
-              const tagLower = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
-              let dur = 0;
-              const durStr = el.getAttribute("data-duration");
-              if (durStr != null) dur = parseFloat(durStr);
-              if (isNaN(dur) || dur <= 0) dur = Math.max(0, rootDuration - start);
-
-              const trackStr = el.getAttribute("data-track-index");
-              const track = trackStr != null ? parseInt(trackStr, 10) : trackCounter++;
-              const entry: TimelineElement = {
-                id: el.id || el.className?.split(" ")[0] || tagLower,
-                tag: tagLower,
-                start,
-                duration: dur,
-                track: isNaN(track) ? 0 : track,
-              };
-              if (tagLower === "video" || tagLower === "audio" || tagLower === "img") {
-                const src = el.getAttribute("src");
-                if (src) entry.src = src;
-              }
-              // Detect sub-compositions
-              const compSrc = el.getAttribute("data-composition-src");
-              const compId = el.getAttribute("data-composition-id");
-              if (compSrc || (compId && compId !== rootComp?.getAttribute("data-composition-id"))) {
-                entry.compositionSrc = compSrc || `compositions/${compId}.html`;
-              }
-              els.push(entry);
-            });
-            if (els.length > 0) setElements(els);
+            if (rootComp && rootDuration > 0) {
+              const rootId = rootComp.getAttribute("data-composition-id") || "composition";
+              // Derive compositionSrc from the iframe URL for thumbnail rendering.
+              // URL pattern: /api/projects/{id}/preview/comp/{path}
+              const iframeSrc = iframeRef.current?.src || "";
+              const compPathMatch = iframeSrc.match(/\/preview\/comp\/(.+?)(?:\?|$)/);
+              const compositionSrc = compPathMatch
+                ? decodeURIComponent(compPathMatch[1])
+                : undefined;
+              // Always show the root composition as a single clip — guarantees
+              // the timeline is never empty when a valid composition is loaded.
+              setElements([
+                {
+                  id: rootId,
+                  tag: (rootComp as HTMLElement).tagName?.toLowerCase() || "div",
+                  start: 0,
+                  duration: rootDuration,
+                  track: 0,
+                  compositionSrc,
+                },
+              ]);
+              setTimelineReady(true);
+            }
          }
          // The runtime will also postMessage the full timeline after all compositions load.
          // That message is handled by the window listener below, which will update elements
          // with the complete data (including async-loaded compositions).
-        } catch {
-          // Cross-origin or DOM access error
+        } catch (err) {
+          console.warn("[useTimelinePlayer] Could not read timeline elements from iframe", err);
        }

        return;
@@ -401,7 +619,7 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
        console.warn("Could not find __player, __timeline, or __timelines on iframe after 5s");
      }
    }, 200);
-    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps -- setElements is a stable zustand setter
+    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
  }, [
    getAdapter,
    setDuration,
@@ -409,6 +627,7 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
    setTimelineReady,
    setIsPlaying,
    processTimelineMessage,
+    enrichMissingCompositions,
  ]);

  /** Save the current playback time so the next onIframeLoad restores it. */
@@ -436,8 +655,12 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {

  const togglePlayRef = useRef(togglePlay);
  togglePlayRef.current = togglePlay;
+  const getAdapterRef = useRef(getAdapter);
+  getAdapterRef.current = getAdapter;
  const processTimelineMessageRef = useRef(processTimelineMessage);
  processTimelineMessageRef.current = processTimelineMessage;
+  const enrichMissingCompositionsRef = useRef(enrichMissingCompositions);
+  enrichMissingCompositionsRef.current = enrichMissingCompositions;

  useMountEffect(() => {
    const handleKeyDown = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
@@ -452,33 +675,95 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
    // so we get the complete clip list (not just the first few).
    const handleMessage = (e: MessageEvent) => {
      const data = e.data;
-      if (
-        (data?.source === "hf-preview" || data?.source === "hf-preview") &&
-        data?.type === "timeline" &&
-        Array.isArray(data.clips)
-      ) {
+      // Only process messages from the main preview iframe — ignore MediaPanel/ClipThumbnail iframes
+      if (e.source && iframeRef.current && e.source !== iframeRef.current.contentWindow) {
+        return;
+      }
+      // Also handle the runtime's state message which includes timeline data
+      if (data?.source === "hf-preview" && data?.type === "state") {
+        // State message means the runtime is alive — check for elements
+        try {
+          if (usePlayerStore.getState().elements.length === 0) {
+            const iframe = iframeRef.current;
+            const iframeWin = iframe?.contentWindow as IframeWindow | null;
+            const manifest = iframeWin?.__clipManifest;
+            if (manifest && manifest.clips.length > 0) {
+              processTimelineMessageRef.current(manifest);
+            }
+          }
+          // Always try to enrich — timelines may have registered since the last check
+          enrichMissingCompositionsRef.current();
+        } catch (err) {
+          console.warn("[useTimelinePlayer] Could not read clip manifest from iframe", err);
+        }
+      }
+      if (data?.source === "hf-preview" && data?.type === "timeline" && Array.isArray(data.clips)) {
        processTimelineMessageRef.current(data);
+        // Fill in composition hosts the manifest missed (element-reference starts)
+        enrichMissingCompositionsRef.current();
        // Update duration only if the new value is longer (don't downgrade during generation)
-        if (data.durationInFrames > 0) {
+        if (data.durationInFrames > 0 && Number.isFinite(data.durationInFrames)) {
          const fps = 30;
          const dur = data.durationInFrames / fps;
          const currentDur = usePlayerStore.getState().duration;
          if (dur > currentDur) usePlayerStore.getState().setDuration(dur);
        }
+        // If manifest produced 0 elements after filtering, try DOM fallback
+        if (usePlayerStore.getState().elements.length === 0) {
+          try {
+            const iframe = iframeRef.current;
+            const doc = iframe?.contentDocument;
+            const adapter = getAdapter();
+            if (doc && adapter) {
+              const els = parseTimelineFromDOM(doc, adapter.getDuration());
+              if (els.length > 0) {
+                setElements(els);
+                setTimelineReady(true);
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (err) {
+            console.warn(
+              "[useTimelinePlayer] Could not read timeline elements on navigate (cross-origin)",
+              err,
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Pause video when tab loses focus (user switches away)
+    const handleVisibilityChange = () => {
+      if (document.hidden && usePlayerStore.getState().isPlaying) {
+        const adapter = getAdapterRef.current?.();
+        if (adapter) {
+          adapter.pause();
+          setIsPlaying(false);
+          stopRAFLoop();
+        }
      }
    };

    window.addEventListener("keydown", handleKeyDown);
    window.addEventListener("message", handleMessage);
+    document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibilityChange);
    return () => {
      window.removeEventListener("keydown", handleKeyDown);
      window.removeEventListener("message", handleMessage);
+      document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", handleVisibilityChange);
      stopRAFLoop();
      if (probeIntervalRef.current) clearInterval(probeIntervalRef.current);
-      reset();
+      // Don't reset() on cleanup — preserve timeline elements across iframe refreshes
+      // to prevent blink. New data will replace old when the iframe reloads.
    };
  });

+  /** Reset the player store (elements, duration, etc.) — call when switching sessions. */
+  const resetPlayer = useCallback(() => {
+    stopRAFLoop();
+    if (probeIntervalRef.current) clearInterval(probeIntervalRef.current);
+    usePlayerStore.getState().reset();
+  }, [stopRAFLoop]);
+
  return {
    iframeRef,
    play,
@@ -488,5 +773,6 @@ export function useTimelinePlayer() {
    onIframeLoad,
    refreshPlayer,
    saveSeekPosition,
+    resetPlayer,
  };
 }
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ export { Player } from "./components/Player";
 export { PlayerControls } from "./components/PlayerControls";
 export { Timeline } from "./components/Timeline";
 export { PreviewPanel } from "./components/PreviewPanel";
+export { VideoThumbnail } from "./components/VideoThumbnail";
+export { CompositionThumbnail } from "./components/CompositionThumbnail";

 // Hooks
 export { useTimelinePlayer } from "./hooks/useTimelinePlayer";
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
+import { formatTime } from "./time";
+
+describe("formatTime", () => {
+  it("formats zero seconds", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(0)).toBe("0:00");
+  });
+
+  it("formats seconds less than a minute", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(5)).toBe("0:05");
+    expect(formatTime(30)).toBe("0:30");
+    expect(formatTime(59)).toBe("0:59");
+  });
+
+  it("formats exact minutes", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(60)).toBe("1:00");
+    expect(formatTime(120)).toBe("2:00");
+    expect(formatTime(600)).toBe("10:00");
+  });
+
+  it("formats minutes and seconds", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(65)).toBe("1:05");
+    expect(formatTime(90)).toBe("1:30");
+    expect(formatTime(125)).toBe("2:05");
+  });
+
+  it("formats large values (over an hour)", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(3600)).toBe("60:00");
+    expect(formatTime(3661)).toBe("61:01");
+    expect(formatTime(7200)).toBe("120:00");
+  });
+
+  it("floors fractional seconds", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(0.9)).toBe("0:00");
+    expect(formatTime(1.5)).toBe("0:01");
+    expect(formatTime(59.99)).toBe("0:59");
+    expect(formatTime(60.5)).toBe("1:00");
+  });
+
+  it("pads single-digit seconds with leading zero", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(1)).toBe("0:01");
+    expect(formatTime(61)).toBe("1:01");
+    expect(formatTime(609)).toBe("10:09");
+  });
+
+  it("guards against negative values", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(-1)).toBe("0:00");
+  });
+
+  it("guards against NaN", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(NaN)).toBe("0:00");
+  });
+
+  it("guards against Infinity", () => {
+    expect(formatTime(Infinity)).toBe("0:00");
+  });
+});
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export function formatTime(time: number): string {
+  if (!Number.isFinite(time) || time < 0) return "0:00";
  const mins = Math.floor(time / 60);
  const secs = Math.floor(time % 60);
  return `${mins}:${secs.toString().padStart(2, "0")}`;
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi } from "vitest";
+import { usePlayerStore, liveTime, type TimelineElement } from "./playerStore";
+
+describe("usePlayerStore", () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    usePlayerStore.getState().reset();
+  });
+
+  describe("initial state", () => {
+    it("has correct defaults", () => {
+      const state = usePlayerStore.getState();
+      expect(state.isPlaying).toBe(false);
+      expect(state.currentTime).toBe(0);
+      expect(state.duration).toBe(0);
+      expect(state.timelineReady).toBe(false);
+      expect(state.elements).toEqual([]);
+      expect(state.selectedElementId).toBeNull();
+      expect(state.playbackRate).toBe(1);
+      expect(state.zoomMode).toBe("fit");
+      expect(state.pixelsPerSecond).toBe(100);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setIsPlaying", () => {
+    it("sets isPlaying to true", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setIsPlaying(true);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().isPlaying).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("sets isPlaying to false", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setIsPlaying(true);
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setIsPlaying(false);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().isPlaying).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setCurrentTime", () => {
+    it("updates currentTime", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setCurrentTime(12.5);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime).toBe(12.5);
+    });
+
+    it("accepts zero", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setCurrentTime(42);
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setCurrentTime(0);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().currentTime).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setDuration", () => {
+    it("updates duration", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setDuration(120);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().duration).toBe(120);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setPlaybackRate", () => {
+    it("updates playbackRate", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setPlaybackRate(2);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().playbackRate).toBe(2);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setTimelineReady", () => {
+    it("updates timelineReady", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setTimelineReady(true);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().timelineReady).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setElements", () => {
+    it("sets the elements array", () => {
+      const elements: TimelineElement[] = [
+        { id: "el-1", tag: "div", start: 0, duration: 5, track: 0 },
+        {
+          id: "el-2",
+          tag: "video",
+          start: 2,
+          duration: 10,
+          track: 1,
+          src: "test.mp4",
+        },
+      ];
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setElements(elements);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().elements).toEqual(elements);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().elements).toHaveLength(2);
+    });
+
+    it("replaces existing elements", () => {
+      usePlayerStore
+        .getState()
+        .setElements([{ id: "el-1", tag: "div", start: 0, duration: 5, track: 0 }]);
+      usePlayerStore
+        .getState()
+        .setElements([{ id: "el-3", tag: "span", start: 1, duration: 3, track: 0 }]);
+      const elements = usePlayerStore.getState().elements;
+      expect(elements).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(elements[0].id).toBe("el-3");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setSelectedElementId", () => {
+    it("selects an element", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setSelectedElementId("el-1");
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().selectedElementId).toBe("el-1");
+    });
+
+    it("clears selection with null", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setSelectedElementId("el-1");
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setSelectedElementId(null);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().selectedElementId).toBeNull();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("updateElementStart", () => {
+    it("updates the start time of a specific element", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setElements([
+        { id: "el-1", tag: "div", start: 0, duration: 5, track: 0 },
+        { id: "el-2", tag: "div", start: 5, duration: 5, track: 1 },
+      ]);
+      usePlayerStore.getState().updateElementStart("el-1", 3);
+      const elements = usePlayerStore.getState().elements;
+      expect(elements[0].start).toBe(3);
+      expect(elements[1].start).toBe(5); // unchanged
+    });
+
+    it("does not modify elements when id is not found", () => {
+      const original: TimelineElement[] = [
+        { id: "el-1", tag: "div", start: 0, duration: 5, track: 0 },
+      ];
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setElements(original);
+      usePlayerStore.getState().updateElementStart("nonexistent", 10);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().elements[0].start).toBe(0);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setZoomMode", () => {
+    it("changes zoom mode to manual", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setZoomMode("manual");
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().zoomMode).toBe("manual");
+    });
+
+    it("changes zoom mode back to fit", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setZoomMode("manual");
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setZoomMode("fit");
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().zoomMode).toBe("fit");
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("setPixelsPerSecond", () => {
+    it("updates pixelsPerSecond", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setPixelsPerSecond(200);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().pixelsPerSecond).toBe(200);
+    });
+
+    it("clamps to minimum of 10", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setPixelsPerSecond(5);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().pixelsPerSecond).toBe(10);
+    });
+
+    it("clamps negative values to 10", () => {
+      usePlayerStore.getState().setPixelsPerSecond(-50);
+      expect(usePlayerStore.getState().pixelsPerSecond).toBe(10);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe("reset", () => {
+    it("resets all state to defaults", () => {
+      // Mutate everything
+      const store = usePlayerStore.getState();
+      store.setIsPlaying(true);
+      store.setCurrentTime(42);
+      store.setDuration(120);
+      store.setTimelineReady(true);
+      store.setElements([{ id: "el-1", tag: "div", start: 0, duration: 5, track: 0 }]);
+      store.setSelectedElementId("el-1");
+
+      // Reset
+      usePlayerStore.getState().reset();
+
+      const state = usePlayerStore.getState();
+      expect(state.isPlaying).toBe(false);
+      expect(state.currentTime).toBe(0);
+      expect(state.duration).toBe(0);
+      expect(state.timelineReady).toBe(false);
+      expect(state.elements).toEqual([]);
+      expect(state.selectedElementId).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    it("does not reset playbackRate, zoomMode, or pixelsPerSecond", () => {
+      const store = usePlayerStore.getState();
+      store.setPlaybackRate(2);
+      store.setZoomMode("manual");
+      store.setPixelsPerSecond(200);
+
+      usePlayerStore.getState().reset();
+
+      const state = usePlayerStore.getState();
+      // reset() only resets the fields explicitly listed in the reset function
+      expect(state.playbackRate).toBe(2);
+      expect(state.zoomMode).toBe("manual");
+      expect(state.pixelsPerSecond).toBe(200);
+    });
+  });
+});
+
+describe("liveTime", () => {
+  it("notifies subscribers with the current time", () => {
+    const listener = vi.fn();
+    const unsubscribe = liveTime.subscribe(listener);
+
+    liveTime.notify(5.5);
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledWith(5.5);
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    liveTime.notify(10);
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledWith(10);
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+
+    unsubscribe();
+  });
+
+  it("supports multiple subscribers", () => {
+    const listener1 = vi.fn();
+    const listener2 = vi.fn();
+    const unsub1 = liveTime.subscribe(listener1);
+    const unsub2 = liveTime.subscribe(listener2);
+
+    liveTime.notify(3);
+    expect(listener1).toHaveBeenCalledWith(3);
+    expect(listener2).toHaveBeenCalledWith(3);
+
+    unsub1();
+    unsub2();
+  });
+
+  it("unsubscribe stops notifications", () => {
+    const listener = vi.fn();
+    const unsubscribe = liveTime.subscribe(listener);
+
+    liveTime.notify(1);
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    unsubscribe();
+
+    liveTime.notify(2);
+    expect(listener).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1); // not called again
+  });
+
+  it("unsubscribe returns true when listener existed", () => {
+    const listener = vi.fn();
+    const unsubscribe = liveTime.subscribe(listener);
+    // Set.delete returns boolean, our unsubscribe wraps it
+    const result = unsubscribe();
+    expect(result).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("double unsubscribe returns false", () => {
+    const listener = vi.fn();
+    const unsubscribe = liveTime.subscribe(listener);
+    unsubscribe();
+    const result = unsubscribe();
+    expect(result).toBe(false);
+  });
+});