Sandbox: a provider change rebuilds live sessions built under the old rule (ISSUE 10)

Seen 2026-09-28 on WSL: the UI reconnected three sessions 12 s before the
user turned the sandbox on, so their engines were built direct; after the
switch the page said "sessions are refused" while those sessions kept
running commands on the host with the user's full access.

- `SessionManager.apply_sandbox_setting()`: every live engine whose
  workspace provider differs from the one a new engine would get is
  dropped (its sandbox closed) so the next connection rebuilds it under
  the new rule, and is refused if that rule cannot be met; a running turn
  is marked stale and rebuilt when it ends (`_refresh_session_tools`).
- `POST /v1/settings/sandbox` calls it when `provider` is in the body and
  returns `rebuilt_sessions`.
- The app: SettingsView reports them (`onSandboxProviderChanged`); App
  bumps `connectNonce` when the session on screen is among them, so its
  socket reconnects and the server rebuilds (or refuses) it at once.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

coworker/server/app.py

@@ -2403,7 +2403,12 @@ def create_app(manager: SessionManager) -> FastAPI:
     def settings_set_sandbox(body: dict) -> dict[str, Any]:
         from ..sandbox import settings as sandbox_settings
 
-        return sandbox_settings.update(body or {})
+        result = sandbox_settings.update(body or {})
+        if result.get("ok") and "provider" in (body or {}):
+            # Live sessions built under the old rule are rebuilt on their next connection;
+            # the app reconnects the one on screen (see App.tsx, onSandboxProviderChanged).
+            result["rebuilt_sessions"] = manager.apply_sandbox_setting()
+        return result
 
     @app.get("/v1/settings/sandbox/readiness")
     async def settings_sandbox_readiness() -> dict[str, Any]:

coworker/server/manager.py

@@ -698,12 +698,9 @@ class SessionManager:
             return record.workspace or None
         return self.resolve_workspace(workspace)
 
-    def pending_sandbox_build(self, session_id: str) -> str:
-        """The sandbox provider a NEW engine for this session would be built with, or ""
-        when the engine exists already or commands would run directly. Reads the config
-        only, no preflight: it is asked on the event loop, before the build (OPE-206)."""
-        if session_id in self._engines:
-            return ""
+    def _wanted_sandbox_provider(self) -> str:
+        """The provider a NEW engine would be built with right now, or "" for direct.
+        Reads the config only, no preflight: it is asked on the event loop."""
         from ..sandbox.selection import is_headless
         from ..sandbox.workspace import DIRECT, OPENSHELL, PROVIDER_ENV
 
@@ -712,6 +709,32 @@ class SessionManager:
             return "" if chosen == DIRECT else chosen
         return OPENSHELL if is_headless() else ""
 
+    def pending_sandbox_build(self, session_id: str) -> str:
+        """The sandbox provider a NEW engine for this session would be built with, or ""
+        when the engine exists already or commands would run directly (OPE-206)."""
+        if session_id in self._engines:
+            return ""
+        return self._wanted_sandbox_provider()
+
+    def apply_sandbox_setting(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Settings ▸ Sandbox changed the provider: every live engine built under another
+        provider is dropped, so its next connection rebuilds it under the new rule (and
+        is refused if that rule cannot be met). A running turn keeps its engine and is
+        rebuilt when it ends. Returns the affected session ids. Without this, a session
+        opened before the switch kept running with no wall while the page said sessions
+        were refused (seen 2026-09-28 on WSL)."""
+        wanted = self._wanted_sandbox_provider()
+        affected: list[str] = []
+        for session_id, engine in list(self._engines.items()):
+            workspace = getattr(engine, "sandbox_workspace", None)
+            describe = getattr(workspace, "describe", None)
+            built = str((describe() if callable(describe) else {}).get("provider") or "direct")
+            if built == (wanted or "direct"):
+                continue
+            self._refresh_session_tools(session_id)
+            affected.append(session_id)
+        return affected
+
     def _engine_build_lock(self, session_id: str) -> threading.Lock:
         with self._engine_build_locks_guard:
             return self._engine_build_locks.setdefault(session_id, threading.Lock())

surfaces/gui/src/App.tsx

@@ -2047,6 +2047,11 @@ export function App() {
           key={settingsTab}
           initialTab={settingsTab}
           onBack={() => setSurface("session")}
+          onSandboxProviderChanged={(ids) => {
+            // The session on screen was built under the old sandbox rule: reconnect, so
+            // the server rebuilds it under the new one (or refuses it with the reason).
+            if (ids.includes(sessionId)) setConnectNonce((n) => n + 1);
+          }}
           onOpenPersona={(id, machineId) => openPersona(id, "settings", machineId)}
           onAskWorker={(machineId) => {
             // Memory's remote CTA: the conversation IS the edit surface — a

surfaces/gui/src/api.ts

@@ -2119,7 +2119,9 @@ export async function getSandboxSettings(machineId?: string | null): Promise<San
 export async function setSandboxSettings(
   patch: Partial<Pick<SandboxSettings, "provider" | "network_profile" | "credentials">>,
   machineId?: string | null,
-): Promise<{ ok: boolean; error?: string } & Partial<SandboxSettings>> {
+): Promise<{ ok: boolean; error?: string; rebuilt_sessions?: string[] } & Partial<SandboxSettings>> {
+  // `rebuilt_sessions`: after a provider change, the sessions whose engine the server
+  // dropped so their next connection rebuilds them under the new rule.
   const res = await fetch(`${engineBase(machineId)}/v1/settings/sandbox`, {
     method: "POST",
     headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },

surfaces/gui/src/components/SettingsView.sandbox.test.tsx

@@ -42,8 +42,10 @@ let setupState: any = { status: "idle", rows: [], progress: null, error: "", ela
 // Like the backend: each save returns the whole (updated) snapshot.
 const setSandboxSettings = vi.fn(async (patch: any) => {
   snapshot = { ...snapshot, ...patch };
-  return { ok: true, ...snapshot };
+  // Like the backend: a provider change names the sessions it dropped for a rebuild.
+  return { ok: true, ...snapshot, ...("provider" in patch ? { rebuilt_sessions: ["s-open"] } : {}) };
 });
+const onSandboxProviderChanged = vi.fn();
 const startSandboxSetup = vi.fn(async () => setupState);
 
 vi.mock("../api", async (importOriginal) => {
@@ -89,10 +91,11 @@ describe("Settings ▸ Sandbox", () => {
   });
 
   it("switching on picks the provider that needs no setup on a Mac, and off clears the key", async () => {
-    render(<SettingsView initialTab="sandbox" />);
+    render(<SettingsView initialTab="sandbox" onSandboxProviderChanged={onSandboxProviderChanged} />);
     await screen.findByTestId("sandbox-section");
     fireEvent.click(screen.getByTestId("sandbox-switch"));
     await waitFor(() => expect(setSandboxSettings).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ provider: "seatbelt" }));
+    await waitFor(() => expect(onSandboxProviderChanged).toHaveBeenCalledWith(["s-open"])); // the app reconnects that session
     // Now on: the provider line (a dropdown on a Mac) and the sub-settings appear.
     expect((screen.getByTestId("sandbox-provider-select") as HTMLSelectElement).value).toBe("seatbelt");
     expect(screen.getByTestId("sandbox-network-section")).toBeTruthy();

surfaces/gui/src/components/SettingsView.tsx

@@ -178,8 +178,12 @@ export function SettingsView({
   onCreateSkill,
   onAskWorker,
   onBack,
+  onSandboxProviderChanged,
 }: {
   initialTab?: SetTab;
+  // Sandbox: the provider changed and the server dropped these sessions' engines; the
+  // app reconnects the one on screen so it is rebuilt (or refused) under the new rule.
+  onSandboxProviderChanged?: (sessionIds: string[]) => void;
   // "Back to app" on the rail — returns to the conversation surface.
   onBack?: () => void;
   onOpenPersona?: (id: string, machineId?: string | null) => void;
@@ -402,7 +406,7 @@ export function SettingsView({
               onAskWorker={(machineId) => onAskWorker?.(machineId)}
             />
           ) : tab === "sandbox" ? (
-            <SandboxSection key={scopeId || "local"} machine={scoped} />
+            <SandboxSection key={scopeId || "local"} machine={scoped} onProviderChanged={onSandboxProviderChanged} />
           ) : tab === "machines" ? (
             <MachinesSection />
           ) : tab === "slack" || tab === "github" ? (
@@ -737,7 +741,7 @@ function PersonasSection({
 // what to do.
 const SANDBOX_PROVIDERS = ["openshell", "seatbelt"] as const;
 
-function SandboxSection({ machine }: { machine?: Machine | null }) {
+function SandboxSection({ machine, onProviderChanged }: { machine?: Machine | null; onProviderChanged?: (sessionIds: string[]) => void }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
   const mid = machine?.id ?? null;
   const [cfg, setCfg] = useState<SandboxSettings | null>(null);
@@ -760,6 +764,7 @@ function SandboxSection({ machine }: { machine?: Machine | null }) {
     }
     setError("");
     setCfg(res as SandboxSettings);
+    if ("provider" in patch) onProviderChanged?.(res.rebuilt_sessions ?? []);
   };
 
   // The switch reads the machine's choice; a headless machine's default rule (OpenShell

tests/test_sandbox_settings.py

@@ -100,3 +100,53 @@ def test_an_explicit_provider_that_cannot_be_used_shows_as_refused(config_file,
     assert not next(p for p in snap["providers"] if p["name"] == "openshell")["usable"]
     with pytest.raises(OpenShellUnavailable):
         selection.select("openshell")
+
+
+def test_changing_the_provider_rebuilds_live_engines_built_under_the_old_rule(tmp_path, monkeypatch):
+    """Seen 2026-09-28 on WSL: sessions opened before the switch kept running direct while
+    the page said sessions were refused. A provider change now drops idle engines built
+    under another provider (a running one is rebuilt when its turn ends) and the response
+    names them, so the app reconnects the one on screen."""
+    from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+    from coworker.sandbox import settings as sandbox_settings
+    from coworker.server import create_app
+    from tests.test_persona_connections import _mgr
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sandbox_settings, "openshell_problem", lambda fresh=False: "OpenShell is not installed", raising=False)
+    from coworker.sandbox import selection
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(selection, "openshell_problem", lambda fresh=False: "OpenShell is not installed")
+    mgr = _mgr(tmp_path, monkeypatch)
+
+    class Direct:
+        def describe(self):
+            return {"provider": "direct", "enforcement": "none"}
+
+    class Boxed:
+        def describe(self):
+            return {"provider": "openshell", "enforcement": "full"}
+
+    class Engine:
+        def __init__(self, ws):
+            self.sandbox_workspace = ws
+
+    closed: list[str] = []
+    mgr._engines.update({"direct-idle": Engine(Direct()), "direct-busy": Engine(Direct()), "boxed": Engine(Boxed())})
+    monkeypatch.setattr(mgr, "_close_sandbox", lambda engine: closed.append(type(engine.sandbox_workspace).__name__))
+    mgr.mark_running("direct-busy")
+    client = TestClient(create_app(mgr))
+    res = client.post("/v1/settings/sandbox", json={"provider": "openshell"}).json()
+    assert res["ok"] and sorted(res["rebuilt_sessions"]) == ["direct-busy", "direct-idle"]
+    assert "direct-idle" not in mgr._engines  # dropped now: its next connection is rebuilt (here: refused)
+    assert "direct-busy" in mgr._engines  # mid-turn: kept until the turn ends
+    assert "boxed" in mgr._engines  # already under the new rule
+    mgr.mark_idle("direct-busy")
+    assert "direct-busy" not in mgr._engines
+    # Switching off: the boxed engine is the odd one out now, and its sandbox is closed.
+    res = client.post("/v1/settings/sandbox", json={"provider": ""}).json()
+    assert res["ok"] and res["rebuilt_sessions"] == ["boxed"] and closed[-1] == "Boxed"
+    # A save that does not touch the provider rebuilds nothing.
+    mgr._engines["d"] = Engine(Direct())
+    res = client.post("/v1/settings/sandbox", json={"network_profile": "strict"}).json()
+    assert res["ok"] and "rebuilt_sessions" not in res and "d" in mgr._engines